Circle of Fire: The Indian War of 1865The year 1865 was bloody on the Plains as various Indian tribes, including the Southern Cheyenne and the Southern Sioux, joined with their northern relatives to wage war on the white man. They sought revenge for the 1864 massacre at Sand Creek, when John Chivington and his Colorado volunteers nearly wiped out a village of Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho. The violence in eastern Colorado spread westward to Fort Laramie and Fort Caspar in southeastern and central Wyoming, and then moved north to the lands along the Wyoming-Montana border. |
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11th Kansas 11th Ohio Acting Adjutant Arapahos Army arrived attacked August battle began body camp Captain Caspar Cavalry Cheyennes chief City Cole Collection Collins Colonel Colorado command Company Connor Creek crossing Denver Department Diary District Dodge east Entry Expedition February Fight File fire followed force Fort Laramie George head Henry Hills Historical Society History horses Indian Iowa James January John John Pope Julesburg July June Kansas killed Laramie later Letter March Michigan miles Military Missouri Montana Moonlight moved Mud Springs Nebraska night North O'Brien October Office ordered Overland Palmer party Plains Platte Bridge Powder River Press reached received Records Report Republican returned road Rocky Mountain route Sawyers scouts sent September side Sioux soldiers South Springs Station telegraph Trail train Tribune troops United University Volunteer wagons Ware warriors West wounded Wyoming