Islamic Science and EngineeringMuslim scientists and engineers contributed enormously to the technology of medieval Europe, both by preserving earlier traditions and by adding their own inventions and innovations. This introduction to the physical sciences and engineering of the Islamic world is the first to trace the full extent of that achievement in the period 750-1500. Using drawings and photographs, as well as iconographic and archaeological evidence to enhance material from Arabic sources, it gives careful explanations of the underlying principles of scientific formulae, machines and constructions, examining the historical background of Islamic technology and its subsequent effect upon European science and engineering. Covering mathematics, astronomy, physics and chemistry, as well as bridge and dam construction, irrigation systems, surveying and mining techniques, this is an ideal introduction to a subject which has received little attention in the past. |
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Page 49
... hole in the centre of the plate . The body is also a circular metal plate with a hole in its centre . It is surrounded by a raised annulus , the outside of which is divided into quadrants , each subdivided into degrees . Inside this ...
... hole in the centre of the plate . The body is also a circular metal plate with a hole in its centre . It is surrounded by a raised annulus , the outside of which is divided into quadrants , each subdivided into degrees . Inside this ...
Page 138
... hole at X. It was divided laterally by a partition CK . In the centre of this partition was a hole to which the double seat of a conical valve was soldered . In the lower chamber of the container was a tank S which was connected to tank ...
... hole at X. It was divided laterally by a partition CK . In the centre of this partition was a hole to which the double seat of a conical valve was soldered . In the lower chamber of the container was a tank S which was connected to tank ...
Page 189
... hole . If the water came out from both ends simultaneously with both ends of the tube held against the uppermost of the graduations then the ground was horizontal . If it issued from one end only , then the end from which it did not ...
... hole . If the water came out from both ends simultaneously with both ends of the tube held against the uppermost of the graduations then the ground was horizontal . If it issued from one end only , then the end from which it did not ...
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Common terms and phrases
Abbasid abutment al-Bīrūnī al-Jazarī al-Jazari's al-Karaji alchemy Arabic arch bridges astrolabe astronomers automata axle Baghdad Banu Mūsà beam built Caliphs canals cantilever bridge Central Asia centre channel Chapter clock construction copper cord Cordoba course cubits cylinder Damascus described devices diameter distance East Egypt engineering Europe European example excavated feet Figure flow gear-wheel gold Greek Hellenistic hole horizontal hydraulic Iberian peninsula Ibn al-Haytham Ibn Hawqal important instrument Iran Iraq iron irrigation Islamic world Kitāb known Latin masonry measuring mechanical medieval metal method metres mills mines modern Muslim noria North Africa operation original Oxus Persian pipe plate province qanats qibla river Roman rotated Samarqand Sasanid Seistan sexagesimal shaft side silver sources Spain spans staff stone survey surveyor Syria tank tenth century Tigris timber tions translated treatises trebuchet tube twelfth century Umayyads valve vertical water-clocks water-raising machines water-wheel weight wheel