Chess Players' Thinking: A Cognitive Psychological ApproachChess has always been of interest to cognitive psychologists because it provides a way of investigating processes like thinking, memory, problem solving and the differences between machine and human processes. Chess Players' Thinkingpresents a new view about experts' thinking and how it should be studied. It provides a comprehensive analysis of chess players' cognition, but its main results are applicable to broader research on human expertise. Chess Player's Thinkingprovides readers interested in human cognitive skills with a new concept-based approach. It introduces and re-analyzes a number of classical psychological concepts such as apperception and restructuring. It will be of great interest to all cognitive scientists working on human skills. |
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Contents
| 14 | |
| 34 | |
| 59 | |
Apperception | 98 |
Restructuring and subjective search spaces | 136 |
capacity contents and thought | 169 |
Common terms and phrases
able active apperception attacker's Baddeley basic problem space blindfold chess blockade Charness Chase and Simon chess positions chess problem chess skill chunks cognitive psychology complex conceptual analysis conceptual systems construction content-specific selectivity contents ELO rating system empirical encoding endgame Ericsson errors evaluation example experiments expertise explain Figure fixation game positions game tree Gestaltists goal position Groot heuristic search models idea imagery important information processing information selection insight key square knowledge learning logic long-term memory masters mate means memory capacity memory systems mental space Newell and Simon novices path perceptual pieces possible principles problem solving protocols random positions recall recognition relevant representations restructuring retrieval structure rook Saariluoma 1984 Saariluoma 1990b secondary task selective thinking semantic skill differences skilled chess players smothered mate solution space shifting stimulus strategic subjective search spaces target square task environment task-specific theoretical concepts theory thought threat Tikhomirov tion types visuo-spatial
Popular passages
Page 11 - Stahl * changed metal into lime, and lime again into metals, by withdrawing and restoring something, a new light flashed on all students of nature. They comprehended that reason has insight into that only, which she herself produces on her own plan, and that she must move forward with the principles of her judgments, according to fixed law, and compel nature to answer her questions, but not let herself be led by nature, as it were in leading strings...
Page 11 - ... according to fixed law, and compel nature to answer her questions, but not let herself be led by nature, as it were in leading strings, because otherwise, accidental observations, made on no previously fixed plan, will never converge towards a necessary law, which is the only thing that reason seeks and requires. Reason, holding in one hand its principles, according to which concordant phenomena alone can be admitted as laws of nature, and in the other hand the experiment, which it has devised...
Page 11 - ... these metals were exposed to the influence of heat, of water, of acids, etc., and the comparative effect produced on them by these various agents noted. Important and valuable as is the observation of naturally occurring phenomena, yet for the advance of science, experiment is paramount. "When Galileo let balls of a particular weight, which he had determined himself, roll down an inclined plane; or when Torricelli made the air carry a weight, which he had previously determined to be equal to...
Page 1 - Cognition is the activity of knowing: the acquisition, organization, and use of knowledge (Neisser, 1976, p.
Page 182 - M. (1992). Stroop-like interference in chess players' imagery: An unexplored possibility to be revealed by the adapted moving-spot task. Psychological Research, 54, 27—31. Baddeley, AD (1990).
Page 24 - Increase in skill means increase in the knowledge of chess situations and how to meet them; or, in more psychological terms, increasing 'meaning...
Page 144 - In spite of the extensive body of strategic theory, there exists a large number of typical strategic methods - rules and exceptions to them - that have remained nameless. They are not registered in 'official' theory but still form a weapon in the chess master's arsenal.
Page 86 - Since it is evident that form and colour must be coded to define the piece concerned, the key problem is the status of location coding. Do we represent the locations of the chunked pieces, or do we just represent the forms of chunks in longterm memory?
Page 87 - This suggests that information on spatial location is an essential part of the knowledge stored in chunks. The importance of chess-specific relations and location information in the recall of chess positions suggests that chunks have a complex structure in which very different types of information are encoded and relevant.
Page 24 - Skill in the middle game is shown by the readiness with which he [a player] recognizes the essential features of a new situation, and, in his inner experimentation, hits upon a move that fits the case
Bibliographic information
| Title | Chess Players' Thinking: A Cognitive Psychological Approach |
| Author | Pertti Saariluoma |
| Edition | illustrated |
| Publisher | Psychology Press, 1995 |
| ISBN | 0415120799, 9780415120791 |
| Length | 201 pages |
| Subjects | › Games & Activities / General Games / General |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |