Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering ApplicationsPresents, in a single volume, an up-to-date summary of the current knowledge of the statistical characteristics of atmospheric turbulence and an introduction to the methods required to apply these statistics to practical engineering problems. Covers basic physics and statistics, statistical properties emphasizing their behavior close to the ground, and applications for engineers. |
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Page 39
... depends only on the intervals between the times , not on their individual values . This concept is useful in considering the function K ( t1 , t2 ) = E { u ( t1 ) u ( t2 ) } = ∞ = [ [ u12 Pu ( U1 , U2 ; t1 , t2 ) dudu2 -∞ ( 8 ) If the ...
... depends only on the intervals between the times , not on their individual values . This concept is useful in considering the function K ( t1 , t2 ) = E { u ( t1 ) u ( t2 ) } = ∞ = [ [ u12 Pu ( U1 , U2 ; t1 , t2 ) dudu2 -∞ ( 8 ) If the ...
Page 139
... depends primarily on vertical heat flux at the surface and the friction velocity . Friction velocity is proportional to wind at a given height , and also depends on roughness and heat flux , as can be seen from ( 6.5.11 ) . The combined ...
... depends primarily on vertical heat flux at the surface and the friction velocity . Friction velocity is proportional to wind at a given height , and also depends on roughness and heat flux , as can be seen from ( 6.5.11 ) . The combined ...
Page 178
... depends on the original geometry . In the inertial range , one - dimensional spectral densities of velocity compo- nents depend only on ɛ and k1 ; those of scalars depend on XT , ( see Section 4.4 ) , ε and k1 . Thus , simple relations ...
... depends on the original geometry . In the inertial range , one - dimensional spectral densities of velocity compo- nents depend only on ɛ and k1 ; those of scalars depend on XT , ( see Section 4.4 ) , ε and k1 . Thus , simple relations ...
Contents
PART ONE FOUNDATIONS OF TURBULENCE THEORY | 1 |
Spectral Statistics of Turbulent Fluctuations at Fixed Locations | 8 |
Fundamentals of Fluid Flow | 10 |
Copyright | |
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applications approximation assume assumption atmospheric turbulence average boundary layer calculate Chapter characteristic function coefficients constant convection correlation function defined density function depends distribution eddy ensemble equation ergodicity estimate exceedance statistics Figure fluctuations forcing frequency friction velocity Gaussian gradients gust heat flux height Hence horizontal integral isotropy K theory k₁ Kaimal kinetic energy large-scale linear logarithmic mean wind measured mechanical turbulence meteorological Monin-Obukhov motion nonlinear normal observations obtain Panofsky parameters planetary boundary layer potential temperature probability probability density function properties ratio response Richardson number roughness length scalars scale spectra spectral density spectrum stability classes stable air stationary strong winds structure surface layer t₂ temperature term theory turbulent flow uniform terrain unstable air values vanishes variables variance velocity components vertical velocity wind direction wind profile wind shear wind speed ди дл