Handbook of PathophysiologyThis text is designed to serve as a quick review source for students of nursing and other health related professions. Material is presented in outline format and is organized by body system. Topics covered include physiologic and pathophysiologic concepts, and diseases. Key illustrations highlight important information for enhanced understanding, and developmental considerations of children and adults are emphasized as appropriate. |
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Page 160
... spinal cord . There are three meninges : the dura mater ( " thick mother " ) on the outside , the arachnoid ( “ spi ... SPINAL CANAL The spinal canal or vertebral column is a long , thin column extending from the base of the skull to the ...
... spinal cord . There are three meninges : the dura mater ( " thick mother " ) on the outside , the arachnoid ( “ spi ... SPINAL CANAL The spinal canal or vertebral column is a long , thin column extending from the base of the skull to the ...
Page 180
... Spinal Injury The most common causes of spinal injury are automobile acci- dents , motorcycle accidents , falls , sports injuries , and wounds from guns and knives . Results of Spinal Injury MICROSCOPIC HEMORRHAGES Small hemorrhages ...
... Spinal Injury The most common causes of spinal injury are automobile acci- dents , motorcycle accidents , falls , sports injuries , and wounds from guns and knives . Results of Spinal Injury MICROSCOPIC HEMORRHAGES Small hemorrhages ...
Page 213
... spinal cord and brain . PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBERS THAT TRANSMIT TACTILE INFORMATION Tactile sensation is carried to the spinal cord by one of three types of sensory neurons : large type A beta ( ẞ ) fibers , small- er type A delta ( 8 ) ...
... spinal cord and brain . PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBERS THAT TRANSMIT TACTILE INFORMATION Tactile sensation is carried to the spinal cord by one of three types of sensory neurons : large type A beta ( ẞ ) fibers , small- er type A delta ( 8 ) ...
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acid acidosis action potential active adrenal aldosterone alveoli antibodies antigen arterioles artery bicarbonate blood flow blood pressure body bone brain calcium called cancer capillary carbon dioxide cardiac muscle cardiac output cause chronic circulation Clinical Manifestations concentration contraction damage decreased depolarization develop diabetes diabetes mellitus Diagnostic Tools diffusion disease drugs edema effects enzymes estrogen excreted filtration function gene gland glomerular glomerulus glucocorticoids glucose heart failure heart rate hemoglobin hormone hydrogen ion hypertension hypothalamus hypoxia immune increased blood individual infant infection inflammation inflammatory injury insulin interstitial fluid intestine kidney leading levels liver lungs membrane metabolic mmHg mucus muscle cells nerves neurons normal occur osteoblasts oxygen pain pituitary plasma produced protein pulmonary reabsorption receptors red blood cells reduce release renal failure renin respiratory response result risk secretion skin smooth muscle sodium spinal stimulation syndrome therapy tion tissue tract Treatment tubule tumor urine usually valve vascular ventricle vessels