Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's PartitionAfew bloody months in South Asia during the summer of 1947 explainthe world that troubles us today. Nobody expected the liberation of India and birth of Pakistan to be so violent it was supposed to be an answer to the dreams of Muslims and Hindus who had been ruled by the British for centuries. Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi s protege and the political leader of India, believed Indians were an inherently nonviolent, peaceful people. Pakistan s founder, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, was a secular lawyer, not a firebrand. But in August 1946, exactly a year before Independence, Calcutta erupted in street-gang fighting. A cycle of riots targeting Hindus, then Muslims, then Sikhs spiraled out of control. As the summer of 1947 approached, all three groups were heavily armed and on edge, and the British rushed to leave. Hell broke loose. Trains carried Muslims west and Hindus east to their slaughter. Some of the most brutal and widespread ethnic cleansing in modern history erupted on both sides of the new border, carving a divide between India and Pakistan that remains a root cause of many evils. From jihadi terrorism to nuclear proliferation, the searing tale told in Midnight s Furies informs all too many of today s headlines. Nisid Hajari builds his revelatory history on major new sources, including never-before-tapped intelligence reports, diplomatic records, and firsthand accounts, as well as deep archival research. Midnight s Furies offers a dramatic, gripping account of one of the world s most volatile regions in the crucible of epochal change. " |
Contents
1 Fury | 1 |
2 Jinnah and Jawaharlal | 22 |
3 Madhouse | 50 |
4 Pakistan Murdabad | 75 |
5 Indian Summer | 101 |
Photographs | 126 |
6 Off the Rails | 127 |
7 Stop this Madness | 153 |
8 Ad Hoc Jihad | 178 |
9 Himalayan Quagmire | 203 |
10 The Last Battle | 226 |
Back Matter | 255 |
Back Flap | 329 |
Back Cover | 330 |
Spine | 331 |
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Abdullah Akali Amritsar armed attacks Attlee August Bengal Bihar Bombay border British British Raj Bucher Calcutta Campbell-Johnson Carter commander Congress leaders Cunningham Diary December Delhi dominion East Punjab Faridkot fight fighters Gandhi Hindu Hindus and Muslims Hindus and Sikhs Hyderabad Ibid Indian leaders IOR Neg Jammu jathas Jawaharlal Nehru Jenkins Jinnah Junagadh Karachi Kashmir Khan Khurshid killed Lahore Laik later League leader Leaguers Liaquat London maharajah Mahatma Mahatma Gandhi March massacres meeting Menon Messervy military mobs Monckton Mountbatten Mountbatten Interview Mountbatten Papers MSS Eur IOR Mudie Muslim League Naidu National nizam Noakhali November numbers October officials Oxford University Press Paki Partition Observed Partition of India police Poonch prime minister province Punjab Politics QMJP Quaid refugees riots RSSS seemed September 1947 Sikh Srinagar subcontinent SWJN Talbot talk Tara Singh thousand told Transfer of Power tribesmen V. P. Menon viceroy Viceroy's village Wavell weeks wrote