Informing Science Volume Two: Design and Research Issues

Front Cover
Informing Science

The two volume Informing Science series is the first attempt to
survey and synthesize research in the informing science
transdiscipline. Part textbook, part collection of readings, the
two volumes present both important research findings relating to
the field and highlight fertile directions for future research.
Volume Two: Design and Research Issues applies the building
blocks of informing science described in Volume One:
Concepts and Systems to design and research questions. It
begins by looking at alternative approaches to informing system
design. These include structured methodologies, agile
approaches, effectuation, and emergent models. A series of
chapters follows that present research findings related to a
series of topics that have played an important role in the
development of informing science as a research area. These
include the relationship between rigor and research methods,
threats to informing (such as misinformation and disinformation),
the nature of informing impact, information cascades, the
relationship of culture to informing, and the research-practice
gap. The book concludes with a chapter that considers possible
extensions to the current informing science research agenda
and an afterword that presents the author’s reflections on the
development of series and its long term future.

 

Contents


Malleable Related to decomposability the malleability of an artifact represents the degree to which it can be adapted by its users and respond to chang...
18
Normally we look at innovation as an attribute of a design one that exists on a continuum that might be informally described as ranging from nothin...
19
In short JIFX was designed to inform problem holders regarding the potential solutions space while at the same time informing solution providers reg...
21
The stakeholders developed a list of activities designated experiments to reflect the failure tolerant learning centric nature of the event to explore the ...
22
Through its stated policy of celebrating experiments that fail for the right reasons JIFX reduces the uncertainty associated with fitness of the endstate ...
24
accelerated defect detection
25
IS Refinements to DR
27
Mapping Design to the Environment
29
Soft Skills
31
A KM Audit was conducted to measure KIndex an aggregate measure to quantify the state of KM practice in a project The KIndex incorporated vari...
32
Key Lessons Learned from Chapter 12
36
The study of design processes as a transdisciplinary subject
37
4 What is the relationship between user satisfaction and intrinsic motivation?
38
Gregor S Jones D 2007 The anatomy of a design theory Journal of the AIS 85 Article 2 312335
39
Chapter Notes
40
Adapting Informing Systems
43
Introduction
44
4 Had evolved organizational structures that were vastly more streamlined than those of their competitors
45
Learning occurs any time participants in an organization acquire any knowledge whether or not it is applied or changes behavior
46
The Double Helix Conceptual Scheme
47
Unfortunately in organizational life as it is experienced phenomena occur that can inhibit higher orders of learning as described by Bateson 1972 and...
50
If double binds cause anguish and despair and destroy personal epistemological premises at some deep level then it follows conversely that for the he...
52
Adaptation in Teaching Programming
56
Throughout period 0 Instructor As course evaluations were considered excellent by the standards of programming courses winning him the universit...
57
Spring 2004
59
Balancing the decline in evaluation scores was a gradual improvement in retention that began to appear in Spring 2004 see Table B1 In part this was ...
60
The 2005 version of the Microsoft Visual Studio tool used in the course had been released meaning that online lecture and assignment content neede...
62
The results of the Fall 2006 were highly positive as summarized in Table B3 In addition to the items summarized student evaluations scores showed d...
63
Folklandia Pavilion
64
That family holds everything that matters in their hands They have all the might Just the Holy Ghost is missing Oh and dont be mistakenthe mother c...
66
There are no manuals simply because we have been part of this Festival for many years and we have learned all we need to know and kept it in here t...
67
To the chagrin of the insiders the new leadership emerging among the outsiders in 2002 questioned the entrenched vision of the Pavilion carried by t...
69
Infoculture
70
Trajectory of Infoculture in Folklandia Pavilion
71
costs and on organizational performance could have raised questions concerning the background causes and possibility of different outcomes In gen...
72
Computer huh? Ive got no clue whats going on in that thing computer How can I trust it is going to do it right? The 2001 treasurer
73
Trajectory of Infopolitics in Folklandia Pavilion
77
EmailBased Memory
79
While informing systems that are designed without the ability to adapt may function very efficiently in the environment that they were designed for i...
82
The actual model employed by an organization in responding to stimuli as opposed to its expressed theory of action
83
Challenges in Practice Theory and Education Volume 1 pp 225236
84
httpwwwenvfportacukillustrationimagesvlshpieindexhtm
85
Travica B 2005 Information View of Organization Journal of International Technology and Information Management 143 2005 120
86
SelfOrganizing Informing Systems
87
Introduction
88
Differences between routine and nonroutine informing systems Gill 2009
89
A complementary way of looking at the routine vs nonroutine continuum is in terms of starting peaks and ending peaks Where a single client exists ...
90
Because mass media exerts its influence on the most receptive portions of the client community ie innovators we can expect that interpersonal clientto...
93
Homophily and Social Attraction
94
women selfselect into fields that pay less
95
Separate homophilic clusters can form even without fixed attributes that distinguish entities
96
The number of attributes
98
This particular type of agent is guaranteed to reach a local peak eventually but there is no guarantee that the peak will be high or that it will reach it q...
100
the number of attributes
102
Emergent Structure of SelfOrganizing Informing Networks
105
Emotional support and behavioural transfers are common among individuals within bonding relationships Forsman et al 2012 Islam et al 2006 Both ...
111
Various models of selforganizing networks exist Scalefree networks occur when the distribution of connections to nodes within the network vary acc...
113
A process of observing others and imitating them that can lead to homophily
114
101146annurevpsych55090902141922
115
Research and education on a rugged landscape Santa Rosa CA Informing Science Press
116
La Fond T Neville J 2010 Randomization tests for distinguishing social influence and homophily effects WWW 2010 April 2630 2010 Raleigh Nort...
117
Re Examining the Relationship between Facebook Use and Bonding Social Capital In System Sciences HICSS 2011 44th Hawaii International Confer...
118
RESEARCH ISSUES
119
Rigor and Research Methods
121
Introduction
122
There are of course many other ways that rigor can be defined Nevertheless these three characteristics are certainly important aspects of research qual...
123
Results of regression after first step of migration for 10 different runs on 44 peak NK landscape where N10 K6 Number of Agents 100
128
Perhaps the best known study of the peer review process was conducted by Stephen Ceci and Douglas Peters at Cornell University and at the Universi...
129
Journal citation rate 028
133
The replication experiments exhibited a substantial decline in the size of the observed effects compared with the original experiments 97 of the origin...
136
The systematic side effects of overprescribing goal setting Ordonez Schweitzer Galinsky Bazerman 2009a
138
203
140
Figure 1 summarizes the three layer or level configuration for modern science
141
Theory of truth
144
Highly context dependent
145
With respect to the constructive suggestions I am definitely not advocating taking an uncritical perspective It makes no sense to propose solutions wit...
147
Alternative approaches to research such as second order science and hermeneutic dialectics appear to offer a research philosophy that is more consiste...
148
A process outcome that is a result of 1 being systematic in inquiry 2 employing a design appropriate to the object of study and 3 asking challenging ...
149
the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 11 pp 85106
150
Prevalence and effects of reviewer hostility bias and dissensus Academy of Management Journal 493 425431
151
Threats to Informing
155
Introduction
156
actions are guided by the subjects purpose hence it is the only legitimate point of reference for assessing operations it calls for a teleological approach...
157
Einstein the father of relativity brings to our attention what is obvious today in the universe but ignored in informing for operations postulate of pers...
158
Bounded rationality should not only be assumed but also enforced There is no guarantee that normally rationally acting individuals will always act ra...
159
Another type of transmission failure can be the result of distortion Distortion can be the result of a number of factors In some cases it may be that the ...
162
Messages coming in through the same channel or alternative channels may prevent messages in a specific channel from getting through In this case t...
164
In Chapter 13 we examined the stimulusresponse SR model of learning Based upon this model informing is presumed to have occurred only if a mat...
166
An easy way to simulate the process of interpretation followed by regeneration is to use automatic translation software to translate a message then tran...
170
As will be discussed in chapters that follow our perception of a message will depend heavily on our prevailing estimateoffitness Chapter 17 and cultu...
173
There is probably no place where the average individual is confronted with as much disinformation as when he or she is online Examples can be fou...
176
From the casual observers standpoint you have no idea where those views are coming from all you see is that its fast rising which sparks your curiosit...
177
Misinformation and Intention
179
Misinformation and Situational Desirability
180
An Example of Disinformation in Cyberdating
183
The DoubleEdged Sword of Online Anonymity
187
Economic Analysis of Misinforming
188
In Table 1 we summarize all components needed for further modeling of the risk of misinforming
191
2
192
1 A simple model only is known The proposed measure for the risk of misinforming is
193
this message is not useful the client doesnt solve herhis task the decision is correct and the risk
194
12
196
19
197
Failures to inform in good faith can be usefully divided into transmission failures failures to attend failures to impact and misinforming Disinforming...
198
Used here as a synonym for lying
199
References
200
Farrar Straus and Giroux
201
Estimating Fitness and Evaluating Informing Impact
203
Introduction
204
S a1x1 + a2x2 ++ aNxN
205
If published rankings are such a poor indicator of fitness for the typical student why do they have such demonstrated impact on college choice?
208
Theories and EstimatesofFitness
209
6 Integrity tests do not have an adverse impact on racial minorities
210
F y1x1 + y2x2 ++ yNxN
211
Table 3 Examples of Information Flows in Student Case writing
232
Key Lessons Learned from Chapter 17
233
The external consequences of informing
234
References
235
Scalia CJ 2015 Conservatives please stop trashing the liberal arts The Wall Street Journal March 2829 A13
236
Bubbles Popular Delusions and Information Cascades
239
Introduction
240
Broadly speaking alchemy can be divided into two eras During the first era which lasted roughly to the end of the 16th century alchemy was focused...
245
We the deputies of the principal College of the brethren of the Rosecross have taken up our abode visible and invisible in this city by the grace of the...
247
In our day little mention is made in Europe of any new devotees of the science though it is affirmed that one or two of our most illustrious men of sci...
248
At intervals according to the pleasure of Satan there was a general meeting of all the demons and all the witches This meeting was called the Sabbath ...
250
Conventional warfare having failed the Archbishop petitioned Pope Gregory IX who declared the entire population to be heretics and witches Based ...
251
The examples just presented come from many areas and time periods They nevertheless possess certain commonalities as well as certain differences B...
255
Criticality Models
256
6 Slow neutrons may be absorbed by suitable U235 fuel elements producing fission and as a sideeffect more neutrons that then can be used to produ...
257
susceptibles infectives and removed cases Lefevre and Picard 1994 Susceptibles have never heard the rumor before Infectives are individuals who ar...
258
In a large population where a single sender initiates a rumor ps pi and prc In such situations super criticality is going to be experienced for a number...
259
Information Cascade Models
260
1 Private information including information from direct observation by the individual client of the alternatives
261
The fitness of an option grows with each adoption The VCR example fell into this category as do many types of standardsdriven behaviors This type ...
264
Glossary
268
The period right after midnight on Friday that was purportedly the preferred time for witches to gather with the devil
269
AddisonWesley
270
Nekoveea M Morenob Y Bianconic G and Marsilic M 2007 Theory of rumour spreading in complex social networks Physica A 374 457470
271
Informing and Culture
273
Introduction
274
Selected Definitions of Culture
275
they improve performance by energizing employeesappealing to their higher ideals and values and rallying them around a set of meaningful unified ...
277
values and practices The first of these is particularly relevant to national culture while the second is particularly applicable to organizations The readi...
278
An Example
280
Uncertainty Avoidance
281
LongTerm vs ShortTerm Orientation
282
Culture and Informing Science
283
Attitudes towards risk and time are frequently incorporated in the preferences of a culture US public companies for example are often accused of pro...
285
Thirdly considering the vital role that time management played in work performance Khoa found that it was necessary to avoid falling behind with h...
291
After evaluating the pros and cons of each course of action Khoa felt that he needed a few more days to make the decision to accept or refuse the Dir...
294
1 The tunable NK landscape proposed by Kauffman 1993
296
1 It assumes the landscape is static
299
With the right culture the problems of commitment alignment and motivation go away and hierarchy becomes irrelevant Akardi Kuhlmann CEO of I...
301
The Myth of Talent and Portability of Performance Groysberg 2010 over 200 highperforming investment analysts that changed firms were interview...
304
When the first market towns emerged in Italy they didnt magically create some higherlevel group consciousness They simply widened the pool of mi...
306
Strong and comprehensive culture generally makes informing within a culture more routine on the dimension of client diversity but may place signif...
307
A simulated fitness landscape with tunable complexity where N is the number of attributes and K is the number of interactions between them
308
10 Are there any circumstances in which the cultural factors that lead to innovation networks could in the long run undermine their outcomes? If yes ...
309
Software of the mind London UK McGraw Hill
310
How prosperity evolves New York NY HarperCollins
311
The ResearchPractice Gap
313
Introduction
314
Instead MBAs in business schools went on learning portfolio theory
320
Researchers attempt to inform practice solely through publication even as they continue to inform each other through much richer channels such as c...
327
A process of surveying and interacting with the environment integrating the resulting intelligence with other knowledge on an ongoing basis in order...
328
Taking the concept of collective knowledge creation to its most radical logical extreme an intriguing way to get around the gap between researchers a...
331
The above criteria for successfully edGeucating are not yet understood to be possible by most educators scientists or problem solvers And certainly n...
332
Successes in Bringing Neophytes to the Edges of Expert Knowledge
333
Did Eight Year Olds Really Publish Their Study in a Science Journal?
336
Diffusion Processes
337
Recommended design characteristics for business professional doctoral programs
340
Curriculum
341
ECOM Coffee
344
Critiques of our failure to impact practice often center around the nature of our publications specifically 1 academic publications are not read by prac...
347
2 Explain the basis of the arguments that we are producing the wrong type of publications if we wish to impact practice
348
Building on indigenous knowledge IBM Systems Journal 3934 768782
349
A normalized citation analysis Journal of Management Information Systems 111 131140
350
Ouellette J 2010 September 20 Astronomys amateurs a boon for science Discovery News
351
Chapter Notes
352
Future Directions for Informing Science
355
Introduction
356
The research problem to be addressed was defined as identifying and understanding emergent behaviors of systems that consist on many elements tha...
357
The 2007 Roadmap
358
19992008 This book published in 2009 was the first attempt to present a systematic collection of chaptersmainly based on influential past Informing...
362
Although we can cite a few examples of publications applying informing science within our many client disciplines eg Gill Bhattacherjee 2009 Myer...
364
Citation impact measures the recognition of published results through citations The impact of each individual article can be compared by sorting the...
365
Pettigrew KE Fidel R Bruce H
366
Other quantifiable indicators can be extracted from the FGC data set These items are the documents type the language of references and the source jo...
367
Notes
372
Informing science naturally lends itself to second order science This would translate to studying the conduct of informing science and other research ...
377
As has been mentioned a number of times in this book a scientific paradigm tends to evolve around a set of puzzles that are deemed worthy of soluti...
381
Although we believe KIM is applicable to a broad range of innovations both products and processes this paper focuses on innovations that are ITena...
382
The application domain problem maturity dimension resonates with the key roles in innovation of opportunities Tidd and Bessant 2009 tasks and pro...
383
The impact of innovations in business in the form of improvements can be considerable The Canadian Intellectual Property Office reports that 90 of ...
386
The Late Student
389
Low power poses in contrast seem defensive Limbs are held close to the body motion around the classroom is limited and tentative Furnitureparticula...
390
5 times 6 is 30
391
when language emerged in our species every new word was a nugget of new information that contradicted an existing idea or belief A powerful mec...
397
With love wed like to fully trust it But we know that to fully trust is dangerous that we can be betrayed and disappointed With death one of the most ...
398
You will be the same in five years as you are today except for the people you meet and the books you read
400
A New Roadmap for Informing Science
402
The idea of heroes as put forth in the earlier reading by David Waters is a compelling one It is important to distinguish these heroes from socalled tho...
404
For too long informing science has paid scant attention to those areas of human communication thatin many casespredate language These include em...
406
A collection of research perspectives that allow for the possibility that the nature of truth may vary from individual to individual and that an objectiv...
407
6 What topic areas presented in Volume Two of this book might be considered examples of second order science?
408
Chaturvedi A Dolk D and Drnevish P 2011 Design principles for virtual worlds MIS Quarterly 353 673684
409
The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 12 vx
410
Levinthal D and March J 1993 The myopia of learning Strategic Management Journal 14 95112
411
Peffers K Tuunanen T Rothenberger M and Chatterjee S 2008 A design science research methodology for information systems research Journal of M...
412
Basic science and technological innovation Brookings Institute Press Washington DC
413
About the Author
415
Index
416
Austin 85 338 414
417
Business Week 223
418
conceptual scheme 6 82 88 132 163 214 239 240 276 283 299 300 303 309 314 319 328 377
419
diversity 52 84 90 91 130 132 155 170 171 173 207 214 234 286 299 307 326 376 393
420
fitness function 83 97 131 204 205 296 304
421
Gottesman 223 235
422
information processing 163 167 171
423
Kling 84 365
424
Lu 178
425
Mokyr 382 411
426
peer review 59 128 129 130 134 147 148 149 151 153 335 368 412
427
research designs 142
428
Siemer 348
429
theoryoffitness 135 153 204 209 210 211 212 233 234
430
Wall Street 130 150 213 235 236 317
431
Copyright

Common terms and phrases

About the author

Grandon Gillis a professor of Information Systems and Decision
Sciences at the University of South Florida’s Muma College of
Business and also serves as Academic Director of the Doctor of
Business Administration degree program. He has served as
Editor-in-Chief of Informing Science: The International Journal of
an Emerging Transdiscipline since 2009, and is both a Governor
and a Fellow of the Informing Science Institute. In 2014, he
became the inaugural recipient of the Zbigniew Gackowski Award,
given for lifetime contribution to informing science research.

Bibliographic information