Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests: Summary-analysis of Hearings, May 5-8, 1959 |
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Page 5
... produced in 1957-58 . The bulk of this was detonated during 1958 in the U.S. Hardtack series and the U.S.S.R. October series . Large portions of the radioactive products produced in this latest series have gone into worldwide fallout ...
... produced in 1957-58 . The bulk of this was detonated during 1958 in the U.S. Hardtack series and the U.S.S.R. October series . Large portions of the radioactive products produced in this latest series have gone into worldwide fallout ...
Page 7
... produces some biological effect and that this effect is harmful . The testimony made it clear that much difficulty now exists in evaluating the hazards of environmental contamination from worldwide fallout . This is because of the ...
... produces some biological effect and that this effect is harmful . The testimony made it clear that much difficulty now exists in evaluating the hazards of environmental contamination from worldwide fallout . This is because of the ...
Page 14
... produced by weapons testing than is the stratospheric storage ( or residence ) time per se . ( d ) Local increases and decreases in the total radioactivity content of soil and food can be expected to occur in different places . This can ...
... produced by weapons testing than is the stratospheric storage ( or residence ) time per se . ( d ) Local increases and decreases in the total radioactivity content of soil and food can be expected to occur in different places . This can ...
Page 16
... producing tumors and leukemias . Worldwide fallout gives very low dose rates under conditions of the weapon - testing program , compared to those used in laboratory experiments . ( b ) The work of Dr. Alice Stewart in England suggests ...
... producing tumors and leukemias . Worldwide fallout gives very low dose rates under conditions of the weapon - testing program , compared to those used in laboratory experiments . ( b ) The work of Dr. Alice Stewart in England suggests ...
Page 17
... produced by causes other than radiation . Here again , it is the frequency of incidence that is changed . And here ... producing mutations as the same dose given at high dose rates.22 This result , if substantiated by further research ...
... produced by causes other than radiation . Here again , it is the frequency of incidence that is changed . And here ... producing mutations as the same dose given at high dose rates.22 This result , if substantiated by further research ...
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Common terms and phrases
14 and fission 90 and cesium 90 per gram areas atmosphere Atomic Energy biological effects Biology and Medicine bone marrow calcium carbon 14 concentration of strontium concentrations of radioactive considered debris decay deposition of strontium detonated developed equilibrium bone levels estimated evaluating expected fallout material fission products fission yield future tests genetic effects gram of calcium hazard hearings hot spots ICRP increase individual iodine ionizing radiation Joint Committee kilotons leukemia lived isotopes Machta maximum permissible concentration mean residence megaton micromicrocuries of strontium milliroentgens natural background radiation Nevada test site North Temperate nuclear weapons testing panel percent period predicted problem produced Public Health Service radiation dose radiation protection radioactive decay radioactive materials resulting roentgens short-lived isotopes significance somatic Southern Hemisphere standards stratosphere stratospheric inventory strontium 90 strontium units subcommittee tests to date tion tium total dose tropospheric U.S. average worldwide fallout
Popular passages
Page 18 - It is therefore assumed that long continued exposure to ionizing radiation additional to that due to natural radiation involves some risk. However, man cannot entirely dispense with the use of ionizing radiations, and therefore the problem in practice is to limit the radiation dose to that which involves a risk that is not unacceptable to the individual and to the population at large. This is called a "permissible dose...
Page 19 - ... an exceedingly small fraction of the exposed group; effects such as shortening of life span, which might be expected to occur more frequently, would be very slight and would likely be hidden by normal biological variations. The permissible doses can therefore be expected to produce effects that could be detectable only by statistical methods applied to large groups.
Page 18 - The permissible dose for an individual is that dose, accumulated over a long period of time or resulting from a single exposure, which, in the light of present knowledge, carries a negligible probability of severe somatic or genetic injuries...
Page 17 - ... stresses, and premature aging and death attributable to no single cause. Nongenetic effects, like genetic effects, were testified to be in general similar in nature to those produced by causes other than radiation. Again, it is the frequency of incidence that is changed and, again, it was pointed out that no experiments aimed at observing these biological effects have ever been conducted at radiation levels very close to the natural background. As before, all conclusions based on experimental...
Page 19 - Thus it is safe only to assume that types of radiation damage, such as genetic mutations, leukemia incidence, and shortenings of life span, increase to some extent with any increase in dose, taking place at any dose rate, following any accumulated dose, viz., there is no threshold.
Page 11 - A value of 50 percent has been arbitrarily selected for the fission to total yield ratio for all Soviet thermonuclear tests. As indicated in the tables, 60 percent is about the average fission to total yield ratio for all United States/United Kingdom thermonuclear tests.
Page 27 - Critical factors still to be determined are the residence time of gas molecules in the stratosphere and the rate of mixing between surface waters and the deep ocean (19). Reference« and Not
Page 8 - Thank you, Doctor. I think your conclusion with regard to the present exposure of fallout radiation parallels the finding of the committee in their report of August 1959, where we have said that for testing already conducted, fallout radiation exposure is and will be relatively small compared to normal background radiation or the standard recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Assuming successive cycles of testing over the next two generations or less following the...
Page 8 - Assuming successive cycles of testing over the next two generations or less, following the same pattern as the past 5 years, the predicted average concentration in bone will be about 48 strontium units. This is close enough to the maximum permissible body burden of 67 strontium units recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to suggest that a hazard to the world's population could result during this period.
Page 8 - ... normal background radiation or the standard recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Assuming successive cycles of testing over the next two generations or less following the same pattern as the past 5 years, the predicted average concentration in the bone will be about 48 strontium units. This is close enough to the maximum permissible body burden of strontium units recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to suggest that a hazard...