Alaska Outer Continental Shelf, Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea Planning Areas, Oil and Gas Lease Sales 209. 212, 217, and 221: Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 22009 |
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adverse effects aircraft Alaska anticipated effects Anticipated Level archaeological resources Arctic associated Atqasuk Barrow Bearded Seals Beaufort and Chukchi Beaufort Sea beluga whales bowhead whales caribou chance of contact Chukchi Sea cleanup climate change coastal birds communities contamination cumulative effects deferral described in Section displacement disruption disturbance drilling Effects Under Alternative endangered whales environment environmental resource areas expected exploration and development gray whales habitat loss humpback hunters ice seals icebreaker increase Inupiat Kaktovik large numbers large oil spill lease sales level of effect marine and coastal marine mammals migration mitigation measures mortality nearshore noise North Slope Nuiqsut offshore oil and gas oil-spill onshore open-water operations OSRA model estimates polar bears population potential effects Proposed Action reasonably foreseeable reduce result ringed seals Sea Planning Area seismic surveys sociocultural systems species spectacled eiders spill contacting Steller's eiders subsistence harvests subsistence hunting subsistence resources terrestrial mammals vessel traffic walrus