The Laboratory Computer: A Practical Guide for Physiologists and NeuroscientistsThe Laboratory Computer: A Practical Guide for Physiologists and Neuroscientists introduces the reader to both the basic principles and the actual practice of recording physiological signals using the computer. It describes the basic operation of the computer, the types of transducers used to measure physical quantities such as temperature and pressure, how these signals are amplified and converted into digital form, and the mathematical analysis techniques that can then be applied. It is aimed at the physiologist or neuroscientist using modern computer data acquisition systems in the laboratory, providing both an understanding of how such systems work and a guide to their purchase and implementation.
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Contents
Introduction | 1 |
11 THE RISE OF THE LABORATORY COMPUTER | 2 |
12 THE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM | 4 |
13 ANALYSING DIGITISED SIGNALS | 7 |
14 ANALYSIS OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS | 8 |
15 IMAGE ANALYSIS | 10 |
17 SUMMARY | 11 |
The Personal Computer | 12 |
68 FURTHER READING | 171 |
Recording and Analysis of Intracellular Electrophysiological Signals | 172 |
71 ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICAL SIGNALS | 173 |
72 CELL EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS | 174 |
73 INTRACELLULAR RECORDING TECHNIQUES | 175 |
74 THE INTRACELLULAR DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM | 179 |
75 EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGMS | 184 |
76 ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGEACTIVATED CURRENTS | 186 |
22 MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM | 14 |
23 THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT | 17 |
24 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY | 19 |
25 CACHE MEMORY | 20 |
26 MOTHERBOARDS | 21 |
27 MAGNETIC DISC STORAGE | 22 |
28 REMOVABLE DISC STORAGE | 25 |
29 INTERFACE BUSES AND EXPANSION SLOTS | 27 |
210 INPUT DEVICES | 29 |
211 VIDEO DISPLAYS | 30 |
212 PERIPHERAL DEVICE INTERFACES | 33 |
213 PRINTERS AND OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES | 35 |
214 OPERATING SYSTEMS | 37 |
215 COMPUTER NETWORKS | 43 |
216 FURTHER READING | 44 |
Digital Data Acquisition | 45 |
31 DIGITISING ANALOGUE SIGNALS | 46 |
32 THE NYQUIST CRITERION | 47 |
33 THE AD CONVERTER | 48 |
34 THE LABORATORY INTERFACE UNIT | 52 |
35 LABORATORY INTERFACEHOST COMPUTER CONNECTIONS | 54 |
36 LABORATORY INTERFACES AND SUPPLIERS | 59 |
37 RECORDING MODES | 67 |
38 DATA ACQUISITION SOFTWARE | 70 |
39 CHOOSING A DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM | 72 |
310 FURTHER READING | 73 |
Signal Conditioning | 74 |
41 AMPLIFIERS | 75 |
42 ANALOGUE FILTERING | 83 |
43 EVENT DETECTORS | 88 |
44 SIGNAL CONDITIONERS | 89 |
45 INTERFERENCE AND ITS ELIMINATION | 92 |
46 STIMULATORS | 97 |
47 FURTHER READING | 99 |
Transducers and Sensors | 101 |
51 BASIC TRANSDUCER PROPERTIES | 102 |
52 TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS | 104 |
53 LIGHT DETECTORS | 107 |
54 FORCE TRANSDUCERS | 115 |
55 PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS | 121 |
56 CHEMICAL SENSORS | 125 |
57 FURTHER READING | 135 |
Signal Analysis and Measurement | 136 |
62 BASIC WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS | 140 |
63 SIGNAL AVERAGING | 143 |
64 DIGITAL FILTERS | 145 |
65 FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS | 147 |
66 CURVE FITTING | 155 |
67 ANALYSIS OF RANDOM DISTRIBUTIONS | 168 |
77 ANALYSIS OF SYNAPTIC SIGNALS | 194 |
78 SINGLECHANNEL CURRENTS | 203 |
79 NOISE ANALYSIS | 214 |
710 CELL CAPACITANCE | 221 |
711 FURTHER READING | 225 |
Recording and Analysis of Extracellular Electrophysiological Signals | 226 |
82 RECORDING ELECTRODES | 228 |
83 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY | 229 |
84 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY | 231 |
85 ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY | 238 |
86 RECORDING ACTIVITY OF SINGLE NEURONS | 241 |
87 ANALYSIS OF NEURAL SPIKE TRAINS | 249 |
88 NEURAL SIGNAL ACQUISITION SYSTEMS | 255 |
89 FURTHER READING | 260 |
Image Analysis | 261 |
91 DIGITISATION OF IMAGES | 262 |
92 IMAGE ACQUISITION DEVICES | 267 |
94 CCD READOUT ARCHITECTURES | 269 |
95 CCD PERFORMANCE | 270 |
96 ELECTRONIC CAMERAS | 271 |
97 ANALOGUE VIDEO SIGNAL FORMATS | 272 |
98 ANALOGUE VIDEO CAMERAS | 274 |
910 DIGITISING ANALOGUE VIDEO SIGNALS | 276 |
911 DIGITAL CAMERAS | 278 |
912 DIGITAL FRAME GRABBERS | 281 |
914 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY | 284 |
915 IMAGE ANALYSIS | 286 |
916 IMAGE CALIBRATION | 288 |
917 IMAGE ARITHMETIC | 290 |
918 SPATIAL FILTERING | 291 |
920 ANALYSIS OF MOVING IMAGES | 294 |
921 THREEDIMENSIONAL IMAGING | 296 |
922 FURTHER READING | 297 |
Software Development | 299 |
101 COMPUTER PROGRAMS | 300 |
103 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FEATURES | 301 |
104 USER INTERFACE DESIGN | 306 |
105 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS | 308 |
107 BORLAND DELPHI | 313 |
108 VISUAL C++ | 315 |
109 MULTIPLATFORM SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT | 317 |
1011 LABVIEW | 321 |
1012 CHOOSING A DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM | 323 |
1013 FURTHER READING | 325 |
References | 326 |
Suppliers | 337 |
| 341 | |
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Common terms and phrases
A/D converter acquisition software action potential algorithm amplifier amplitude analogue signal analysis Apple Macintosh applied average Axon background noise binary Ca++ camera capacitance cell channels colour components curve data acquisition designed detection devices digitised disc discussed display electrode equation experimental exponential Figure filter fitting frequency function hardware histogram IBM PC input instance intracellular ion channels laboratory interface LabVIEW low-pass low-pass filtering Macintosh Mbyte measure method Microsoft Microsoft Windows MS-DOS muscle National Instruments neurons operating system output packages parameters patch clamp peak personal computer photon pixel produced provides pulse range recording resolution response sampling rate SCSI sensor shown in Fig signal conditioning single-channel standard stimulus storage surface synaptic techniques temperature tion transducer transfer types typical variable Visual Basic voltage waveform Windows
Popular passages
Page 333 - Macaulay, RJ, Caudill, MA, Kutz, I., Adam, D., Gordon, D., Kilborn, KM, Barger, AC, Shannon, DC, Cohen, RJ, and Benson, H.
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Page 334 - Sachs F., Neil J., and Barkakati N. (1982) The automated analysis of data from single ionic channels. Pflugers Arch. 395, 331-340. Sakmann B. and Neher E. (eds.) (1983a) Single-Channel Recording (Plenum, New York).
Page 335 - THOMAS, RC (1978). Ion-sensitive Intracellular Microelectrodes: How to Make and Use Them.
References to this book
Research Methods in Psychology Glynis M Breakwell,Sean Hammond,Chris Fife-Schaw,Jonathan A Smith Limited preview - 2006 |