Crystallography Made Crystal Clear: A Guide for Users of Macromolecular ModelsCrystallography Made Crystal Clear makes crystallography accessible to readers who have no prior knowledge of the field or its mathematical basis. This is the most comprehensive and concise reference for beginning Macromolecular crystallographers, written by a leading expert in the field. Rhodes' uses visual and geometric models to help readers understand the mathematics that form the basis of x-ray crystallography. He has invested a great deal of time and effort on World Wide Web tools for users of models, including beginning-level tutorials in molecular modeling on personal computers. Rhodes' personal CMCC Home Page also provides access to tools and links to resources discussed in the text. Most significantly, the final chapter introduces the reader to macromolecular modeling on personal computers-featuring SwissPdbViewer, a free, powerful modeling program now available for PC, Power Macintosh, and Unix computers. This updated and expanded new edition uses attractive four-color art, web tool access for further study, and concise language to explain the basis of X-ray crystallography, increasingly vital in today's research labs.
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Page ix
... : Real and reciprocal lattices........... 16 2.4.3 Intensities of reflections .................................. 16 2.4.4 Arrays of complex objects ................................ 17 2.4.5 Three-dimensional arrays ...............
... : Real and reciprocal lattices........... 16 2.4.3 Intensities of reflections .................................. 16 2.4.4 Arrays of complex objects ................................ 17 2.4.5 Three-dimensional arrays ...............
Page xi
... density as a function of intensities and phases ......... 6.3 Isomorphous replacement ........................................ 6.3.1 Preparing heavy-atom derivatives .......................... 6.3.2 Obtaining phases from heavy-atom data .
... density as a function of intensities and phases ......... 6.3 Isomorphous replacement ........................................ 6.3.1 Preparing heavy-atom derivatives .......................... 6.3.2 Obtaining phases from heavy-atom data .
Page 9
... (intensities) of the diffracted X-rays and then using a computer to simulate an image-reconstructing lens. In short, the computer acts as the lens, computing the image of the object and then displaying it on a screen (Fig. 2.2). Second ...
... (intensities) of the diffracted X-rays and then using a computer to simulate an image-reconstructing lens. In short, the computer acts as the lens, computing the image of the object and then displaying it on a screen (Fig. 2.2). Second ...
Page 13
... film. The positions and intensities of these reflections contain the information needed to determine molecular structures. Figure 2.7 ▷ Diffraction pattern from a crystal of the. Section 2.3 Collecting X-ray data 13 Collecting X-ray data.
... film. The positions and intensities of these reflections contain the information needed to determine molecular structures. Figure 2.7 ▷ Diffraction pattern from a crystal of the. Section 2.3 Collecting X-ray data 13 Collecting X-ray data.
Page 14
... intensities (darkness of spots) are highly variable. The hole in the middle of the pattern results from a small metal disk (beam stop) used to prevent the direct X-ray beam, most of which passes straight through the crystal, from ...
... intensities (darkness of spots) are highly variable. The hole in the middle of the pattern results from a small metal disk (beam stop) used to prevent the direct X-ray beam, most of which passes straight through the crystal, from ...
Contents
| 1 | |
| 7 | |
| 31 | |
| 49 | |
5 From Diffraction Data to Electron Density | 91 |
6 Obtaining Phases | 109 |
7 Obtaining and Judging the Molecular Model | 145 |
8 A Users Guide to Crystallographic Models | 179 |
9 Other Diffraction Methods | 211 |
10 Other Kinds of Macromolecular Models | 237 |
11 Tools for Studying Macromolecules | 269 |
Viewing Stereo Images | 293 |
Index | 295 |
Complementary Science Series | 308 |
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Common terms and phrases
ALBP aligned allow alpha carbons amplitude angles anomalous scattering atom positions average axis bond lengths calculated Chapter chemical color complex conformations contains coordinates crystallographic crystallographic models data collection data set DeepView described detector diffraction pattern dimensions display distance electron density electron-density map equations example Fhkl fiber Figure Fourier sum Fourier transform frequency gives graphics heavy atom heavy-atom derivative helix homology modeling hydrogen intensities lattice point layer line ligand macromolecular measured methods molecular model molecules neutron nuclei obtained orientation parameters Patterson function Patterson map PDB file peaks phasing model planes produce programs Protein Data Bank R-factor reciprocal lattice reciprocal space reciprocal-lattice point refinement region residues result rotation sequence side chains signal solution space group specific stereo structure determination structure factors surface target templates term three-dimensional unit cell unit-cell values vector wave wavelength X-ray beam X-ray crystallography
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