Elements of Plane Surveying |
Common terms and phrases
accuracy adjusted axis azimuth backsight and foresight bubble calculator centerline circle clockwise computed correction cross hairs cross section cumulative curve deflection angles determined difference in elevation differential leveling direction drainage CL dumpy level elevation difference elevation of BM equation Example foresight distances foresight reading Geodetic grade height horizontal distance inHg instrument intersection known latitudes and departures law of cosines law of sines line of sight magnetic magnetic bearings measured distance method National Geodetic Survey observer obtained optical plane plumb bob position precision property corner radians rear taper reflector result right-of-way rod reading shown in Fig side significant figures slope angle slope distance Solution stadia standard error steel tape Substituting into Eq surveying surveyors tangent tape length taping pin telescope tension theodolite tilt Topcon transit traverse triangle vernier vernier scale vertical angle wavelength zero