Word and ObjectLanguage consists of dispositions, socially instilled, to respond observably to socially observable stimuli. Such is the point of view from which a noted philosopher and logician examines the notion of meaning and the linguistic mechanisms of objective reference. In the course of the discussion, Professor Quine pinpoints the difficulties involved in translation, brings to light the anomalies and conflicts implicit in our language's referential apparatus, clarifies semantic problems connected with the imputation of existence, and marshals reasons for admitting or repudiating each of various categories of supposed objects. He argues that the notion of a language-transcendent "sentence-meaning" must on the whole be rejected; meaningful studies in the semantics of reference can only be directed toward substantially the same language in which they are conducted. |
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Contents
Language Truth | 1 |
2 The objective pull or e pluribus unum | 5 |
3 The interanimation of sentences | 9 |
4 Ways of learning words | 13 |
5 Evidence | 17 |
6 Posits and truth | 21 |
Translation and Meaning | 26 |
8 Stimulation and stimulus meaning | 31 |
31 Opacity in certain verbs | 146 |
32 Opacity in certain verbs | 151 |
Regimentation | 157 |
34 Aims and claims of regimentation | 161 |
35 Variables and referential opacity | 166 |
36 Time Confinement of general terms | 170 |
37 Names reparsed | 176 |
38 Conciliatory remarks Elimination of singular terms | 181 |
9 Occasion sentences Intrusive information | 35 |
10 Observation sentences | 40 |
11 Intrasubjective synonymy of occasion sentences | 46 |
12 Synonymy of terms | 51 |
13 Translating logical connectives | 57 |
14 Synonymous and analytic sentences | 61 |
15 Analytical hypotheses | 68 |
16 On failure to perceive the indeterminacy | 73 |
The Ontogenesis of Reference | 80 |
18 Phonetic norms | 85 |
19 Divided references | 90 |
20 Prediction | 95 |
21 Demonstratives Attributives | 100 |
22 Relative terms Four phases of references | 105 |
23 Relative clauses Indefinite singular terms | 110 |
24 Identity | 114 |
25 Abstract terms | 118 |
Vagaries of References | 125 |
27 Ambiguity of terms | 129 |
28 Some ambiguities of syntax | 134 |
29 Ambiguity of scope | 138 |
30 Opacity and indefinite terms | 141 |
39 Definition and the double life | 186 |
Flight from Intension | 191 |
41 modality | 195 |
42 Propositions as meanings | 200 |
43 Toward dispensing with intensional objects | 206 |
44 Other objects for the attitudes | 211 |
45 The double standard | 216 |
46 Dispositions and conditionals | 222 |
47 A framework for theory | 226 |
Ontic Decision | 233 |
49 False predilections Ontic commitment | 238 |
50 Entia non grata | 243 |
51 Limit myths | 248 |
52 Geometrical objects | 251 |
53 The ordered pair as philosophical paradigm | 257 |
54 Numbers mind and body | 262 |
55 Whither classes? | 266 |
56 Semantic ascent | 270 |
277 | |
287 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abstract objects adjective affirmative ambiguity analogy analytical hypotheses apple apply attributes Bachelor behavior believes Buffalo nickel canonical notation Carnap Cicero denounced Catiline classes collateral information component construed context count definition difference dispositions dissent distinction divided reference English eternal sentences example false Frege's Gavagai geometrical objects grammatical ideal objects identity idioms indefinite singular term Indian nickel indicator words indirect quotation intensional intuitive learning linguist lion logic Mabel loves Mama mass terms modal modal logic native norms notion numbers observation sentences occasion sentences ontology opaque construction ordered pair ordinary language paraphrase particles Pegasus philosophical phrase physical objects predicative position pronoun propositional attitudes quantification question rabbit referentially transparent relation relative clause relative term reparsing scope sensory simply singular description Socrates sort speaker standing sentences stimulus meaning stimulus synonymy stimulus-synonymous talk tences theory things tion true truth functions truth value Tully usage utterance vague variables verb verbal