Questions and Answers on Boiler Feed-water Conditioning

United States. Bureau of Mines

1962

Contents

• INTRODUCTION FACTS ABOUT WATER III IV Question 1 What impurities may be carried by water?_: 1
• How are the various substances carried in the water?: 2
• How can the actions and reactions of the elements be followed?_ 4 What are acids and bases and what is the meaning of pH value?_: 4
• What is hardness?: 5
• What is alkalinity?: 6
• 000: 7
• What causes the formation of sludge and scale in a boiler?__: 12
• What causes overall corrosion on the water side?: 15
• What causes pitting in the boiler?_ 19 2247002 12 12 15: 17
• What causes caustic boilerseam cracking?: 18
• What causes carryover in the boiler?___: 19
• How does the makeup rate affect scaling corrosion and carryover?_: 20
• SCALE PREVENTION AND SLUDGE CONTROL 14 What methods are used to prevent the formation of scale and excess sludge in a boiler? 15 Ho...: 22
• What is zeolite softening?: 25
• What is lime softening?: 28
• What is demineralization?_: 31
• How does internal treatment prevent scale?_: 33
• What is sludge conditioning?__: 36
• Must water always be treated to prevent scale?: 38
• Can compounds and gadgets prevent scale?: 39
• CONTROL OF CORROSION IN BOILERS 23 How is corrosion prevented in boilers? 24 How is dissolved oxygen removed?: 41
• How alkaline should the boiler water: 44
• How can boilerseam cracking be prevented?_: 45
• How are idle boilers protected?_: 46
• CONTROL OF CARRYOVER 28 What methods are used to prevent carryover?_ 29 What is blowdown and what does it do?_: 48
• When oil or grease gets into the boiler how is it removed?_: 50
• Is blowdown a good way to lessen alkalinity?: 51
• How does boiler design affect carryover?__ 33 When should antifoams be used?_: 53
• WATERWALL BOILERS 34 What is special about waterwall boilers?_ 35 Is scale prevention different in waterwall boilers?_: 55
• Can mechanical action cause blistering in waterwall tubes? Page 41 41 44 45: 56
• What are the special rules for preventing pitting in waterwall boilers?: 57
• What can be done to remove deposits that cause blistering?: 58
• RETURNLINE CORROSION 39 What causes returnline corrosion?: 60
• How is returnline corrosion controlled at its source?: 61
• How is condensate corrosion stopped chemically?___: 62
• PRESSURIZED HOT WATER 43 What is different about hightemperature highpressure water?: 65
• How is the primary hotwater circuit protected?_: 66
• How are the secondary circuits protected?: 67
• How are cascade systems protected?: 68
• DOSAGE CONTROL Page 47 How are chemicals added to boiler feedwater?: 69
• How much of each chemical should be used?_: 70
• How is boiler water sampled? ____: 71
• What are the basic inplant tests for dosage control?_: 72
• How is boiler water tested for hydroxide?: 73
• How is boiler water tested for phosphate?: 74
• How is boiler water tested for tannin?: 75
• How is boiler water tested for chloride?_: 76
• How is boiler water tested for sulfite?: 78
• How is makeup water tested for alkalinity?: 79
• 25: 81
• How is sodium sulfite specified?: 82
• 65: 83
• How are volatile alkaline amines specified?_: 84
• Appendix A Measurement equivalents_: 85
• Appendix B Chemical unit weights: 86
• Chemical compounds: 87
• 38: 96
• 67: 97
• 68: 100
• 62: 101

Bibliographic information

• Title: Questions and Answers on Boiler Feed-water Conditioning; Volume 3 of Question and answer handbook
• Author: United States. Bureau of Mines
• Published: 1962