Rice Economy; Employment and Income in MalaysiaMalaysia. Case study of rice cultivation in four West Malaysian rural area communities to illustrate the rural employment and economic implications thereof for rural workers - sets out the limited employment opportunities, low productivity, inefficient marketing (incl. Cooperative marketing) arrangements, low income and poor living conditions of rice farmers, covers problems of underemployment and seasonal unemployment (incl. Among the woman worker force) etc., and includes schedules and questionnaires used. Statistical tables. |
Contents
METHOD OF ANALYSIS | 7 |
LABOUR UTILIZATION IN THE DOUBLE CROPPING | 15 |
INCOME OF PADI FARMERS IN THE SINGLE | 84 |
Copyright | |
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1-2 Relongs 2-4 Relongs 4-6 Relongs agricultural Average per Household cash income cash outflow cultivating 1-2 relongs dealers disguised unemployment double-cropping area Economic Farm Expenses farm produce retained Federation of Malaya gantangs gross income Household Dollars household expenditure households cultivating Income from Marketing INCOME PER HOUSEHOLD June July Aug Kampong katis Kedah Kuala Lumpur kuncha labour utilization Landless Households larger farms larger holdings main season Malaya Malaysia March April Total Marketing of Farm mills months Muda River non-farm income Off-farm Employment off-season crop padi farmers padi farms pattern payments in kind Percentage picul poultry Productive Activities Province Wellesley rate of return Relongs 6-8 Relongs rent retained for home return to labour rice rubber estates Rubber Farms Sept single-cropping area sold surplus labour survey Table Total On-farm Employment Total Productive Employment transplanting Underemployment per cent University of Malaya Value of Farm villages wages women workers