Processes in Karst Systems: Physics, Chemistry, and Geology |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Chemistry of the System H₂OCO₂CaCO3 | 13 |
1 | 17 |
Copyright | |
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aperture aquifer average bedding plane boundary conditions boundary layer Buhmann and Dreybrodt Ca² Ca2+ concentration Ca2+]eq CaCO3 calcite dissolution calcium calculated carbonate channels closed system CO₂ CO₂ pressure common ion common ion effect curve dependence deposition rates diameter diffusion boundary layer dissolution rates dissolved distance elementary reactions equilibrium Ewers experimental experiments factor Figure fissures flow velocity flux foreign ions fracture function given groundwater H₂CO HCO3 hydraulic gradient hydraulic head hydrodynamic increasing initial input ionic strength joints k₁ karst systems karst water karstification kinetics laminar flow limestone mass transport mmol obtained open system output particles Pco₂ penetration lengths permeability phreatic phreatic zone Plummer porous medium rate constant readin region rock saturation shown in Fig shows solution species speleothems stalagmite supersaturated temperature thickness tubes turbulent flow vadose values water table writeln Drucker zone