Internal Combustion Engine FundamentalsThis text, by a leading authority in the field, presents a fundamental and factual development of the science and engineering underlying the design of combustion engines and turbines. An extensive illustration program supports the concepts and theories discussed. |
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air flow assumed burned gas calculated carburetor changes charge chemical close combustion chamber combustion process composition compression constant crank angle cycle cylinder decreases defined depends determined developed diesel engine discharge displacement effect efficiency energy enthalpy equation equilibrium equivalence ratio exhaust expansion FIGURE flame flow flow rate fraction fuel fuel-air function gases given gives heat higher hydrocarbon ideal ignition increases indicated initial injection inlet intake internal liquid load manifold mass maximum mean measured mixing mixture mole normal nozzle obtained occurs operating percent piston port pressure properties range ratio reaction relative rev/min SAE paper shows spark spark-ignition engine species speed spray stoichiometric stroke swirl Table temperature throttle transfer turbulent typical unburned unit usually valve vapor variations varies velocity volume wall