Semiconductor Thermoelements, and Thermoelectric Cooling |
Contents
PREFACE | 1 |
72 | 43 |
OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THERMOELEMENTS | 74 |
Copyright | |
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according achieved applications approximately arms assume atomic battery becomes calculated carrier concentration chamber coefficient of performance cold junction conductors consider consisting constant cooling corresponding curve decreases determined direction effect efficiency electrical conductivity electrons elements energy equal equation experimental expression formula given gives heat higher holes hot junction impurity increase Joule heat lattice lead length lower materials maximum measured metals mobility obtain optimum Peltier phonons plate possible produced proportional radiators ratio reduced refrigerator regarded relationship resistance scattering semiconductors shown shows solid specimen stage substances surface T₁ taking temperature dependence temperature difference temperature drop temperature range term theory thermal conductivity thermal emf thermo thermocouples thermoelectric thermoelement thermopile Thomson transfer unit whilst