Outlines of Chemistry: For the Use of Students |
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Common terms and phrases
acetic acted action alcohol alkalies alloxan ammonia ammonium analogous anhydrous arsenic barium baryta bases bodies boiling bromine burns C₁ carbonic acid chloric acid chlorine colour colourless combine combustion composition compound contains converted copper crystallises crystals cyanic acid cyanide cyanogen decomposed deposited deutoxide diluted dissolved distilled elements equivalent ether evaporation fluorine formed formula fusible gases heated hydrated hydro hydrochloric acid hydrogen hyduret insoluble iodide iodine iron lime liquid magnesia manganese matter melted mercury metals mixed mixture neutral salt neutralising nitrate nitric acid nitrogen nitrous obtained oil of vitriol oxalic oxide of ethyle oxidised oxygen peroxide phosphate phosphoric acid phosphorus platinum potash potassium powder precipitate produced proportion protoxide pure quantity radical red-heat sesquioxide silver smell soda sodium solid soluble in water solution substance sugar sulphate sulphuretted hydrogen sulphuric acid tube vapour volatile yellow yields zinc
Popular passages
Page 17 - ... with one set of properties; twice 8 of oxygen gives another compound with different properties; thrice 8 produces still a different substance; 32 parts, another; and 40, or five times 8, yet another. (See Chemical Chart.) 129. The law of equivalents applies to compounds as well as to elements. The equivalent of a compound body is the sum of the equivalents of its elements. Thus the equivalent of lime is 28...
Page 230 - This is strikingly shown in an alloy called the " fusible metal," which is composed of 8 parts of bismuth, 5 of lead, and 3 of tin, and melts at 203° F.
Page 157 - Sodium also occurs as oxide of sodium, or soda, in a good many minerals ; and more especially in the forms of carbonate, nitrate, and borate of soda : the first extracted from the soil in many parts of Africa ; the second covering extensive plains in South America ; and the third encrusting the shores of numerous lakes in Thibet. Soda is contained in sea plants, and in land plants growing near the sea, in the latter apparently replacing potash ; it is the chief base in kelp, varec, or barilla, which...
Page 96 - The water becomes gradually charged with oil of vitriol, and the deutoxide of nitrogen, being reconverted into nitrous acid by contact with the oxygen of the air, again yields half its oxygen to a fresh portion of sulphurous acid ; and thus, for an indefinite period, acts as a carrier of oxygen from the air to the sulphurous acid. In this way, a comparatively small quantity of nitrate is required for a large quantity of sulphur.
Page 172 - This compound is prepared by passing chlorine gas over a mixture of alumina and charcoal, heated to redness in a tube. The chloride sublimes into the cold part of the apparatus. It forms a volatile crystalline mass, colourless or slightly yellow. It fumes in the air, and dissolves in water with much heat. It appears at first to combine with the water, forming a hydrated chloride, Alads,3HO; but on heating this, hydrochloric acid is expelled, and alumina is left, Ala Cls , 3HO = Ala Oa , 3HCl.
Page 589 - To avoid this loss, bread is now raised by means of carbonate of soda or ammonia and a diluted acid, which are added to the dough, and the effect is perfectly satisfactory. Equally good or better bread is obtained. and the quantity of flour which will yield 1500 loaves by fermentation, furnishes 1600 by the new method, the sugar and fibrine being saved.
Page 57 - ... calcareous, and chalybeate), sulphatic waters (containing chiefly sulphates), chlorinated waters (containing chiefly chlorides), and sulphuretted waters (containing large quantities of sulphides or of sulphuretted hydrogen). The only way to obtain perfectly pure water is to distil it, but matter simply held in suspension may be got rid of by suitable filtration. The great reservoirs of water on the globe are the oceans, seas, and lakes, which cover more than three-fifths of its surface, and from...
Page 59 - Nitrogen cannot be made to unite directly with any element, and only forms combinations when one or both elements are in the nascent state. It is, therefore, unlike the other metalloids, in a high degree chemically indifferent or neutral. But, under favorable circumstances, it does combine with most of the metalloids, and with several metals. Its most important compounds are those with oxygen and with hydrogen. Almost all compounds of nitrogen are easily decomposed, and many of them are even dangerous,...