How to Build a Habitable Planet |
Contents
The Big Bang and Galaxy Formation | 7 |
Synthesis of Elements in Stars | 31 |
The Formation of Planets | 67 |
Copyright | |
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87Sr atoms aluminum amount asteroids astronomers atmosphere basalt big bang billion years ago buildup bulk calcite calcium capture carbon carbonaceous chondrites chemical composition chondritic meteorites chondrules cloud CO₂ CO2 content continental crust core debris decay density distance Earth Earth's surface electrons elements energy fission formation formed fuel galaxy gases gravitational greenhouse half-life heat helium Hence hydrogen hydrogen and helium impact ions iron metal isotopes isotopic composition kerogen light liquid magnesium mantle Mars mass material melting Mercury methane mineral molecules Moon Moon's nebula neutron numbers nuclear particles nucleus nuclides NUMBER OF NEUTRONS NUMBER OF PROTONS O₂ objects oceanic crust olivine orbit oxide oxygen percent planetary produced protons pyroxene r-process radioactive radiodecay radioisotopes ratio reason relative abundances rocks sediments shown in Figure silicate silicon solar nebula solar system solid stable nuclides stars sulfur supernova temperature terrestrial planets tion universe uranium Venus volatile xenon