Surveying Measurements and Their Analysis |
Common terms and phrases
accuracy adjustment alignment analysis angle measurement applied assumed azimuth bubble axis bubble centering calculations calibrated centering error Chapter circle computed correction cross-hair curvature determined differential leveling distance measurements effects elevation difference equation equipment error sources estimate example feet focussing formula geodetic Gunter's chain histogram horizontal angle horizontal axis horizontal distance illustrated line of sight maladjustment mark mean measurement theory ment meters method mistakes objective lens observed perpendicular personal errors plane plumb bob pointing error position precision procedure professional radians random errors reading and pointing reading error result reticle rod reading round-off errors scale Section sight distances significant figures slope distance Solution stadia station steel tape subtense bar surface surveying instruments surveying measurements surveyors systematic errors tape length target target centering telescope temperature tension theodolite theory traverse tripod true value uncertainty vernier vertical angle vertical axis vertical line zenith angle