ThermodynamicsIndisputably, this is a modern classic of science. Based on a course of lectures delivered by the author at Columbia University, the text is elementary in treatment and remarkable for its clarity and organization. Although it is assumed that the reader is familiar with the fundamental facts of thermometry and calorimetry, no advanced mathematics beyond calculus is assumed. Partial contents: thermodynamic systems, the first law of thermodynamics (application, adiabatic transformations), the second law of thermodynamics (Carnot cycle, absolute thermodynamic temperature, thermal engines), the entropy (properties of cycles, entropy of a system whose states can be represented on a (V, p) diagram, Clapeyron and Van der Waals equations), thermodynamic potentials (free energy, thermodynamic potential at constant pressure, the phase rule, thermodynamics of the reversible electric cell), gaseous reactions (chemical equilibria in gases, Van't Hoff reaction box, another proof of the equation of gaseous equilibria, principle of Le Chatelier), the thermodynamics of dilute solutions (osmotic pressure, chemical equilibria in solutions, the distribution of a solute between 2 phases vapor pressure, boiling and freezing points), the entropy constant (Nernst's theorem, thermal ionization of a gas, thermionic effect, etc.). |
Contents
THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | 11 |
The application of the first law to systems whose | 19 |
Adiabatic transformations of a | 25 |
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A₁ absorbs an amount additive constant adiabatic amount of heat assume atmosphere atomic body calculate calories Carnot cycle chemical chemical equilibrium consider constant pressure constant volume container cylinder decrease defined definition dynamical engine entropy environment equal equation equilibrium example expansion expression Figure free energy function gas thermometer gaseous gases given temperature grams heat absorbed heat Q2 Hence homogeneous ideal gas infinitesimal transformation initial and final integral isochore isothermal transformation Kelvin's postulate law of thermodynamics liquid mechanical membrane mixture molecular molecules N₁ Nernst's theorem number of moles obtain osmotic pressure perature perfect differential performed phase pure solvent ratio reaction represented reversible cycle reversible transformation semipermeable semipermeable membrane solution source t₁ substance system composed temperature t₁ thermally insulated thermodynamic potential thermodynamical system tion total amount U₁ V₁ vapor pressure variation in energy water vapor zero ᎡᎢ