A dictionary of chemistry, Volume 1Longman, Green, Roberts & Green, 1863 - Chemistry |
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Common terms and phrases
according acetic acid acetone action albumin alcoholic solution aldehyde alkaline alloxan aluminium ammonia ammonium amyl anhydrous antimony aqueous solution arsenic acid atomic volume atomic weight balsam barium benzoate benzoic acid benzoyl boiling bromide cacodyl carbonic acid carbonic anhydride caustic cent Chem chloride chloride of calcium cold colour colourless compound containing converted cooling copper crystallises crystals decomposed decomposition deposits dilute dissolves distillation ethyl evaporated evolved excess formed formula fused heated hydrate hydride hydrochloric acid hydrogen hydrosulphuric acid insoluble iodide iodine iron lime liquid mass melts mercury metallic mixed mixture molecule neutral nitrate nitric acid nitrogen obtained odour oxalic oxide oxygen Pharm phosphorus Phys platinum potash potassium powder precipitate prisms produced radicle reaction residue resin salt saturated separates silver small quantity sodium solidifies soluble in alcohol soluble in water specific gravity substance sulphate sulphide sulphuric acid temperature tube vapour volatile washed yellow yields
Popular passages
Page 334 - It is destitute of taste, and does not act on vegetable blues. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether ; and in much greater quantity in these liquids when hot than when cold.
Page 445 - on the relations between the specific gravities of bodies in the gaseous state, and the weights of their atoms," propounded the idea that the atomic weights of all bodies are multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen. His opinion was shared by Dalton on other grounds, and met with very general acceptance in this country. But it was never acknowledged by Berzelius, or until lately by any large number of continental chemists. Although Prout's views must be considered, in the present state of our...
Page 158 - ... octopodia, the common food of the spermaceti whale, interspersed throughout its substance, there can be little doubt of its originating in the intestines of the whale : for if it were merely occasionally swallowed by the animal, and then caused disease, it would much more frequently be without these bodies, when it is met with floating in the sea, or thrown upon the shore. Ambergris is found of various sizes, generally in small fragments, but sometimes so large as to weigh near two hundred pounds....
Page 3 - What passes through is put into large casks, set upright, having a small aperture in their top. In these it is exposed to the heat of the sun in summer, or to that of a stove in winter. Fermentation supervenes in a few days. If the heat should then rise too high, it is lowered by cool air, and the addition of fresh wine. In the skilful regulation of the fermentative...
Page 418 - F. Guthrie (Phil. Mag. [4] xv. 64). An aspirator which works by a constant stream of water and does not require any filling or emptying of vessels, has been contrived by MW Johnson (Chem. Soc. Qu. J. iv. 186). The principle of this apparatus is the same as that of the waterblast used in the Hungarian mines. The apparatus consists of a small hollow cylinder A, of brass or glass, open at both ends, and connected with the vessel through which the air is to be drawn, by the lateral tuba C.
Page 157 - A hard brittle tasteless substance, sometimes perfectly transparent, but mostly semitransparent or opaque, and of a glassy surface ; it is found of all colours but chiefly yellow or orange, and often contains leaves or insects. Its specific gravity varies from 1-065 to 1-070 ; hardness 2 to 2~5 ; slightly brittle ; fracture conchoidal.
Page 223 - The same methods may be applied to determine the amount of chemically combined water which exists in many compounds, the water of crystallisation of salts, for example. Many bodies, however, retain their water with too great force to be overcome by the means just mentioned. Such substances may be dehydrated by enclosing them in a test-tube immersed in a water or oil-bath, while a current of dry air is drawn through the tube by means of an aspirator. In some cases even this is not sufficient, and...
Page 187 - It forms crystals belonging to the trimetric or right prismatic system, isomorphons with potassic sulphate. It is colourless, and has a very bitter taste ; it is soluble in twice its weight of cold, and in its own weight of boiling, water ; insoluble in alcohol. It fuses at 140° C: above 280°, it is decomposed, ammonia, nitrogen, and water being given off, and acid sulphite of ammonium sublimed.
Page 146 - M. Corbelli, of Florence, obtains a deposit of aluminium by electrolysing a mixture of rock-alum or sulphate of aluminium with chloride of calcium or chloride of sodium, the positive pole being formed of iron wire coated with an insulating material and dipping into mercury placed at the bottom of the solution, and the negative pole of zinc immersed in the solution. Aluminium is then deposited on the zinc, and the chlorine eliminated at the positive pole unites with the mercury, forming calomel. This...
Page 51 - Gaseous hydriodie acid passed into acrolein exerts a violent action, attended with a hissing noise like that of red-hot iron plunged into water. The product is a resinous body which is insoluble in alcohol, ether, acids and alkalis, gives off iodine when heated, and yields a small quantity of free iodine to bisulphide of carbon.