Halogens and Noble GasesIn spite of their adjacency in the periodic table, halogens and nonmetals have very different properties. Halogens are among the most chemically reactive elements in the periodic table, exhibiting a diverse chemistry in terms of the large numbers of compounds they can form. On the other hand, noble gases are the least chemically reactive elements. In fact, before the 1960s, chemists referred to these elements as inert gases, because it was believed that they exhibited no chemistry whatsoever. Providing the basics of these elements, including their role in history and some of the important scientists involved in their discovery, this new, full-color resource features up-to-date scientific understanding in a clear and accessible format. Halogens and Noble Gases examines the ways humans use halogens and noble gases and the resulting benefits and challenges to society, health, and the environment. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, helium, and krypton are covered in this book, along with the fundamentals of chemistry and physics as well as possible future developments in halogen and noble gas science and its applications. |
Contents
Preface | viii |
Acknowledgments | xi |
Introduction | xiii |
Chemistry and Physics Background | xviii |
The Halogens | xxxv |
Fluorine Corrosive Toxic and Remarkable | xliii |
Chlorine From Table Salt to Safe Swimming | lv |
Bromine Unusual at Room Temperature | lxix |
Krypton and Xenon | cxxv |
Radon A Common Menace | cxxxvi |
Conclusions and Future Directions | cxliii |
SI Units and Conversions | cxlvii |
List of Acronyms | cxlix |
Periodic Table of the Elements | cl |
Element Categories | cli |
Chronology | clii |
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Common terms and phrases
abundance Accessed acid alpha amounts argon astatine atmosphere atomic number boiling bromine called carbon charged chemical chemical bonds chemist chemistry chlorine column common compounds concentration contains continues decay December discovered discovery Earth effect electrical Electronic configuration electrons elements emission emitted energy especially example exist fact fluorine force fusion half-life halogens helium human hydrogen hypothyroidism important increase iodine ions isotope known krypton laser lead light liquid mass means ments metals molecules nature negative neon neutral neutrons noble gas noble gases nonmetals nuclear nuclei observed occur oxidizing agent oxygen particles percent periodic table physical points positive produced properties protons pure radiation radioactive radon reaction reactive relatively remain requires result salt scientists shell silver similar sodium sodium hypochlorite solid stars strong subshell substance Teflon temperature tend tion United University uranium xenon