Monitoring the environmental quality of Nordic forestsLars Strand |
Common terms and phrases
air pollution aluminium analysed annual Autumnal moth base cations biomass broad-leaved Bulk precipitation C/N ratio calcium canopy caused climatic compounds critical loads crown defoliation damage defoliation and needle Denmark deposition levels dry deposition ecosystems effects emissions estimated Europe Extensive monitoring fertilisation Finland foliage forest forest area forest condition forest decline forest ecosystems forest health forest management forest soils forestry fungus harvesting hemiboreal hydrogen ion ICP Forests increase input leaching magnesium measurements metsien mg/g mg/g mg/g mineral soil monitoring programmes mycorrhizas myös needle discoloration nitrogen deposition nitrogen oxides nivå Nordic countries Nordic forests Norway spruce Norway spruce stands nutrient organic layer ozone concentrations parameters pH values relationship result Scots pine skogbruket soil acidification soil characteristics soil solution pH southern Sweden stand age stress factors sulphur and nitrogen sulphur deposition sulphur dioxide Sweden temperature throughfall tion total deposition tree growth tree species variation vegetation Wet deposition µg NO2/m³