Evolutionary Mechanisms of Defense ReactionsReferences.- Animals at the cell-aggregate body organization.- Porifera.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Diblastic animals.- Coelenterata.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- The immune phenomena characteristics.- Conclusions.- References.- Protostomes.- Annelida.- The evolutionary significance of metamery and the coelom.- The cells.- The origin.- Humoral immunity.- Adaptive humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Phagocytosis.- Cytotoxic reactions.- Transplantation reaction.- Adaptive cellular defense reactions.- Conclusions.- References.- Arthropoda.- References.- Chelicerata.- The cells and structures engaged in the immune reactions.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- References.- Crustacea.- Hemopoitic structures.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- References.- Insecta.- Blood cells.- Hemopoietic structures and their possible relevance to immunity.- Humoral immunity.- Inducible antibacterial peptides.- Cellular immunology.- Phagocytosis.- Encapsulation.- Transplantation immunity.- References.- Mollusca.- The hemopoietic tissues and organs.- The gastropods.- The bivalves.- The cephalopods.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Deuterostomes.- Echinodermata.- The coelomic derivatives of echinoderms and their possible role in immunity.- The immune significance of coelomic tubular and perivisceral systems.- The water vascular, hemal and perihemal systems.- Perivisceral coelom.- Other structures engaged in the immunity.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Regeneration.- Conclusions.- References.- Chordates/Urochordata.- The anatomical features of ascidians in regard to their possible immune significance.- The immune significance of the pharyngeal region.- Other structures engaged in the immunity.- The lymph nodules.- Body wall.- The neural gland.- Humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Chordates/Vertebrates/Agnatha.- Origin.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs.- The possible thymus equivalent lymphoid structures of pharyngeal region.- The gut-associated lymphoid structures considered to be equivalent to the spleen.- Lymphoid tissues with the poietic capability supposed to be equivalent to bone marrow.- Other lymphohemopoietic tissues.- Humoral immunity.- Specific humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- References.- Chordates/Vertebrates/Chondrichthyes.- Origins.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of chondrichthyans.- The thymus.- The spleen.- The gut-associated lymphoid tissue.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of chondrichthyans comparable to the bone marrow.- The Leydig's organ.- Epigonal organs.- The lymphomyeloid structures of cranial region.- The kidney.- Development of lymphohemopoiesis in elasmobranchs.- Humoral immunity.- Specific humoral immunity.- Cellular immunity.- Specific cellular immunity.- Conclusions.- References.- Chordates/Vertebrates /Osteichthyes.- Origins.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of osteichthyans.- The thymus.- The spleen.- The gut-associated lymphoid tissue.- The immunocompetent tissues and organs of osteichthyans comparable to the bone marrow.- The kidney.- Other structures.- Cells.- B Lymphocytes.- T Lymphocytes.- MHC Antigens.- Nonspecific humoral immunity.- Specific humoral immunity.- Nonspecific cellular immunity.- Cytokines.- Transplantation.- Cytotoxicity.- Cellular cooperation.- Conclusions.- References.- General conclusions.- References. |
Contents
I | 1 |
II | 8 |
III | 9 |
IV | 13 |
V | 14 |
VII | 19 |
VIII | 20 |
IX | 21 |
LXI | 96 |
LXII | 97 |
LXIII | 100 |
LXVI | 101 |
LXVII | 103 |
LXVIII | 110 |
LXX | 114 |
LXXIII | 115 |
X | 23 |
XI | 24 |
XII | 27 |
XIII | 28 |
XIV | 29 |
XVI | 30 |
XVII | 34 |
XX | 35 |
XXI | 36 |
XXIII | 37 |
XXV | 41 |
XXVI | 42 |
XXVII | 43 |
XXIX | 44 |
XXX | 45 |
XXXI | 46 |
XXXII | 48 |
XXXV | 50 |
XXXVI | 53 |
XXXVII | 56 |
XXXIX | 57 |
XLI | 58 |
XLII | 62 |
XLIII | 64 |
XLV | 66 |
XLVI | 70 |
XLVII | 71 |
XLIX | 72 |
LI | 73 |
LII | 75 |
LIII | 82 |
LV | 87 |
LVI | 88 |
LVII | 89 |
LIX | 94 |
LX | 95 |
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Common terms and phrases
Acad activity agglutination agglutinins allogeneic allografts amoebocytes animals annelids antibacterial antibody antigen arthropods ascidian axial organ bacteria Bilej Biochem Biol blood cells body carp cDNA cell types cellular immunity chain channel catfish characterization Clem clones coelomic coelomic fluid coelomocytes Comp complement crustaceans cytotoxic defense defensins E.L. Cooper earthworms echinoderms Eisenia encapsulation erythrocytes evolution evolutionary factor Fänge fish foetida function genes glabrata granulocytes hagfish hemocytes hemolymph Hildemann horseshoe crab humoral immunity immune reactions immune response immune system immunoglobulin Immunol immunological induced insect Invertebrate isolated kidney lamprey lectin leukocytes Limulus lymphocytes lymphoid macrophages mammalian Marchalonis marine sponge mechanisms molecular molecules molluscs opsonic opsonins Pathol peptides phagocytic phagocytosis Phylogeny Physiol plasma Press protein Raftos rainbow trout Ratcliffe receptor recognition Rinkevich role serum shark Síma Söderhäll species spleen structures studies teleost thymus tion tissue transplantation Tučková tunicate Ultrastructure vertebrates Větvička vitro xenografts Zapata Zool