tribes, and each tribe into ten Curiæ. Over each Curia was appointed a priest, who officiated at the sacrifices of his respective assembly. The sacrifices were called Curionia and the priest Curio. He was to be above the age of fifty. His morals were to be pure and unexceptionable, and his body free from all defects. The Curiones were elected by their respective Curiæ, and above them was a superior priest called Curio maximus, chosen by all the Curiae in a public assembly. The word Curia was also applied to public edifices among the Romans. These were generally of two sorts, divine and civil. In the former were held the assemblies of the priests, and of every religious order, for the regulation of reliappointed for the senate, where they a-sembled for the despatch of public business. The Curia was solemnly consecrated by the Augurs, before a lawful assembly could be convened there. There were three at Rome, which more particularly claim our attention; Curia Hostilia, built by king Tullus Hostilius; Curia Pompeu, where Julius Caesar was murdered; and Curia Augusti. the palace and court of the emperor Augustus. A town of the Rhæti, now Coire, the capital of the Grisons. Diana; another, son of Mercury and Venus; and | the third, of Mars and Venus. Plato mentions two. Hesiod, the most ancient theogonist, speaks only of one, who, as he says, was produced at the same time as Chaos and the earth. There are, according to the more received opinions, two Cupids, one of whom is a lively ingenious youth, son of Jupiter and Venus; whilst the other, son of Nox and Erebus, is distinguished by his debauchery and riotous disposition. Cupid is represented as a winged infant, naked, armed with a bow and a quiver full of arrows. On gems, and all other pieces of antiquity, he is represented as amusing himself with some childish diversion. Sometimes he appears driving a hoop, throwing a quoit, playing with a nymph, catching a but-gious sacrifices and ceremonies. The other was terfly, or trying to burn with a torch; at other times he plays upon a horn before his mother, or closely embraces a swan, or with one foot raised in the air, he, in a musing posture, seems to meditate some trick. Sometimes, like a conqueror, he marches triumphantly, with a helmet on his head, a spear on his shoulder, and a buckler on his arm. intimating that even Mars himself owns the superiority of love. His power was generally known by his riding on the back of a lion, or on a dolphin, or breaking to pieces the thunderbolts of Jupiter. Among the ancients he was worshipped with the same solemnity as his mother Venus; and as his influence was extended over the heavens, the sea, and the earth, and even the empire of the dead, his divinity was universally acknowledged, and vows, prayers, and sacrifices were daily offered to him. According to some accounts, the union of Cupid with Chaos gave birth to men, and all the animals which inhabit the earth, and even the gods themselves were the offspring of love, before the foundation of the world. Cupid, like the rest of the gods, assum. ed different shapes; and we find him in the Eneid putting on, at the request of his mother, the form of Ascanius, and going to Dido's court, where he inspired the queen with love. Virg. Æn. 1, 693, &c -Cic. de Nat. D. 3.-Orid, Met. 1. fab. 10.--Hesiod. Theog. 121, &c.-Oppian. Hal 4. Cyneg. 2.-Bion Idyll. 3. CUPIENNIUS, a friend of Augustus, who made himself ridiculous for the nicety and effeminacy of his dress. Horat. Sat. 1, 2, 36. CURES, now Correse, a town of the Sabines, of which Tatius was king. The inhabitants, called Quirites, were carried to Rome, of which they became citizens. Virg. Æn. 1, 292. 8, 638. Liv. 1, 13.-Macrob. 1, 9.-Ovid. Fast. 2, 477 et 480. 3, 94. CURETES, a people of Crete, called also Cory. bantes, who, according to Ovid, were produced from rain. Their knowledge of all the arts was extensive, and they communicated it to many parts of ancient Greece. They were entrusted with the education of Jupiter, and to prevent his being discovered by his father, they invented a kind of dance, and drowned his cries in the harsh sounds of their shields and cymbals. As a reward for their attention, they were made priests and favourite ministers of Rhea, called also Cybele, who had entrusted them with the care of Jupiter. Dionys. Hal. 2 Virg. G. 4, 151.Strab. 10.-Paus. 4, 33.--Ovid. Met. 4, 282. Fast. 4, 210 CURETIS, a name given to Crete, as being the residence of the Curetes. Orid. Met. 8, 136. CURIA, a division of the Roman tribes. Romulus originally divided the people into three CURIA LEX, de Comitiis, was enacted by M. Curius Dentatus, the tribune. It forbade the convening of the Comitia, for the election of ple beian magistrates, without a previous permission from the senate. CURIAS Vid. Curium. CURIATII, a family of Alba, which was car. ried to Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and entered among the patricians. The three Curiatii, who engaged the Horatii, and lost the victory, were of this family. Flor. 1, 3.-Dionys. Hal. 3.Liv. 1, 24. CURIO, the surname of the family of the Scribonii. There were three of this family in suc cession who distinguished themselves as orators at Rome.. -Caius, the grandfather, who is mentioned with great commendation by Cicero. Brut 32.His son, Caius Scribonius, who was consul 677, and gained great praise by his conquest of the Dardani, when governor of the province of Macedonia. He shone as an orator, though the awkward agitation into which he threw his body from side to side when speaking, procured the surname of Burbuleius, from an actor, who was ridiculed for such gestures. Val. Max. 9, 14.-Plin. 7, 12-Cic. Pis. 19, 24. Brut. 16, 59, 60.His son Caius, though possessed of great natural abilities, showed himself more eager after profligate pleasures, than military fame or oratorical distinction. Cicero for a while interposed his friendship and authority, and roused him to deeds and pursuits worthy of his family; but extravagance and prodigality were so deeply rooted in the character of Curio, that he was prepared for public plunder, or for civil war. Cæsar, more wise and more intriguing, attached him to his party by discharging his debts, which, it is said, amounted to 500,000. English money, and Curio showed his gratitude, by embracing all the plans of aggrandizement, of rapacity, and ambition, which might place his friend at the head of the state. During the civil war between Pompey and Cesar, Curio, who had hitherto favoured the party of the senate, artfully showed his enmity to Pompey, by pleading the cause of Cæsar, and by seizing Sicily for him. From Sicily Curio passed into Africa, where he defeated Varus, and laid siege, to Utica; but the efforts of Cato, and the speedy arrival of Juba, whom Curio in his tribuneship had attempted to deprive of his kingdom, turned ine fortune of the war, and Curio, surrounded on all sides, and unwilling to fly, rushed boldly into the midst of the combatants, and fell on heaps of slain. Lucan. 4, 797, &c.-Cas. B. C. 2. 4.-Val. Max. 9, 1.-Cic. Fam. 2, ep. 1, &c. Brut. 81. Phil. 2, 18.-Plin. 36, 15.- Plut. in Cæs. -Flor. 4, 2. CURIOSOLITÆ, a people of Gallia Celtica, in Armorica, north-west of the Redones. Cæs. B. G. 2, 34. 3, 11 CURIUM, a town of Cyprus, on the southern coast, or rather, according to the ancients, at the commencement of the western coast, at a small distance from which, to the south-east, there is a cape which bears the name of Curias. The town is now called Piscopi; and the promontory Cape Gavata. Herod. 5, 113. CURIUS DENTATUS, MARCUS ANNIUS, aRoman, celebrated for his fortitude and frugality. He was three times consul, and was twice honoured with a triumph. He obtained decisive victories over the Samnites, the Sabines, and the Lucanians, and defeated Pyrrhus near Tarentum. The ambassadors of the Samnites visited his cottage, while he was boiling some vegetables in an earthen pot, and they attempted to bribe him by the offer of large presents. He refused their offers with contempt, and said, "I prefer my earthen pots to all your vessels of gold and silver, and it is my wish to command those who are in possession of money, while I am deprived of it, and live in poverty.' Plut. in Cat. Cens. -Horat. Od. 1, 12, 41.-Flor. 1, 15-A lieutenant of Cæsar's cavalry, to whom six cohorts of Pompey revolted, &c. Caes. Bell. Civ. 1, 24. CURTIA, a patrician family, which migrated with Tatius to Rome. CURTILLUS, a celebrated epicure, &c. Horat. Sat. 2, 8, 52 M. CURTIUS, a Roman youth, who devoted himself to the gods Manes for the safety of his country, about 360 years B. C. A wide gap, called afterwards Curtius lacus, had suddenly opened in the forum, and the oracle said that it never would close before Rome threw into it whatever it had most precious. Curtius immediately perceived that no less than a human sacrifice was required. He armed himself, mounted his horse, and solemnly threw himself into the gulf, which instantly closed over his head. Liv. 7, 6.-Val. Max. 5, 6.-Q. Rufus. (Vid. Quintus).— Nicias, a grammarian, intimate with Pompey, &c. Suet. de Gr.Montanus, an orator and poet under Vespasian. Tacit. Ann. 4.Atticus, a Roman knight, who accompanied Tiberius in his retreat into Campania. Tacit. Ann. 4.-Lacus, the gulf into which Curtius leaped. (Vid. M. Curtius.)-Fons, a stream which conveyed water to Rome from the distance of forty miles, by an aqueduct so elevated as to be distributed through all the hills of the city. Plin. 36, 15. CURULES MAGISTRATUS, Roman magistrates who had the privilege of using the sella curulis, or chair of state. This was anciently made of ivory, or at least adorned with it. The magistrates who enjoyed this privilege, were the dictator, consuls, prætors, censors, aud curule adiles. They sat on this chair in their tribunals on all solemn occasions. Those commanders who triumphed, had it with them in their cha riot. Persons whose ancestors, or themselves, had borne any curule office, were called nobiles, and had the jus imaginum. They who were the first of the family that had raised themselves to any curule office, were called homines novi, new men, or upstarts. CUSSÆI, or COSSÆI, a nation inhabiting the mountains of Media. They were a warlike people, and the kings of Persia were frequently compelled to purchase a passage over these mountains from them. Alexander effected one by taking them by surprise. Antigonus lost a portion of his army in crossing over. CUSUS, a river of Hungary, falling into the Danube, now the Waag. CUTILIE, a town of the Sabines, east of Reate, and on the right bank of the Velinus, famed as an aboriginal city of great antiquity, and celebrated for its lake, and the floating island on its surface. This lake was farther distinguished by the appellation of the Umbilicus, or "Navel" (i. e. centre) of Italy. Cutiliæ is also noticed by Strabo for its mineral waters, which were accounted salutary for many disorders: they failed, however, in their effect upon Vespasian, who is stated to have died here. Dion. Hal. 1, 14. 2, 49.-Seneca Q. N. 3, 25.Plin. 3, 12.-Strab. 5.-Suet. Vesp. 24. CYANE, a nymph of Syracuse, to whom her father offered violence in a fit of drunkenness. She dragged her ravisher to the altar, where she sacrificed him, and killed herself to stop a pestilence, which, as if sent as a punishment from heaven, had already begun to afflict the country. Plut. in Parall.A nymph of Sicily, who endeavoured to assist Proserpine when she was carried away by Pluto. The god changed her into a fountain, now called Pisme, a few miles from Syracuse. Ovid. Met. 5, 112. CYANEE, two small, rugged islands, at the entrance of the Euxine sea, and forty stadia from the mouth of the Thracian Bosphorus. According to Strabo, one was near the European, the other near the Asiatic, side, and the space between them was about twenty stadia. The waves of the sea, which continually break against them with a violent noise, fill the air with a darkening foam, and render the passage extremely dangerous. The ancients supposed that these islands floated about, and even sometimes united to crush to pieces those vessels which chanced at the time to be passing through the straits. This tradition arose from their appearing, like all other objects, more or less confined, according to the course of the vessel. They were sometimes called Symplegades, or, "the dashers," to which the term Cyanean, or "dark," is often joined. They were also termed Planeta, or "the wanderers." It was reported that they were to continue to float till some bold pilot had steered his vessel through the dangerous strait, and when this was happily effected by Jason and the Argonauts, the islands became fixed and immoveable, and the situation and form was then fully explored and ascertained. Strab. 7.-Mela, 2, 7.-Plin. 4, 13.-Homer. Odyss. 12, 61. Apollon. 2, 317 et 601.-Pind. Pyth. 4, 371, &c. CYANEE and CYANEA, a daughter of the Mæ ander, mother of Byblis and Caunus, by Miletus, Apollo's son Ovid. Met. 9, 451. CYANIPPE, a daughter of Adrastus. CYANIPPUS, a Syracusan, who derided the orgies of Bacchus, for which impiety the god so inebriated him, that he offered violence to his daughter Cyane, who sacrificed him on the altar. Plut. in Parall. CYARAXES, or CYAXARES, a king of the Medes, who succeeded his father Phraortes, B. C. 635. He was a prince of great courage and abilities, and soon avenged on the Assyrians the death of his father. The Scythians, however, overran, and ravaged Media; and the king, in order to free himself from them. invited them to an entertainment, and caused them all to be massacred. Cyaraxes entered into an alliance with Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon; and in conjunction with the Babylonians, he resumed the siege of Nineveh, slew Sarac the king, and levelled that proud metropolis with the ground. Having erected his kingdom into a potent empire, he died, and left the government to his son Astyages. Herod. 1, 73, &c.-Son of Astyages, succeeded to the throne of Media, B. C. 560. He joined his nephew, Cyrus, in the reduction of Babylon, and is said to have reigned in conjunction with him, and to have died B. C. 536. Xen. Cyrop. 1. under the name of the Eleusinian mysteries of Ceres. The Romans, by order of the Sibyline books, brought the statue of the goddess from Pessinus into Italy; and when the ship which carried it had run on a shallow bank of the Tiber, the virtue and innocence of Claudia were vindicated in removing it with her girdle. It is supposed that the mysteries of Cybele were first known about 1560 years B.C. The Romans were particularly superstitious in washing every year, on the 6th of the calends of April, the shrine of this goddess in the waters of the river Almo. There prevailed many obscenities in the observation of the festivals, and the priests themselves were the most eager to use indecent expressions, and to show their unbounded licentiousness by the impurity of their actions. (Vid. Atys, Eleusis, Rhea, Corybantes, Galli, &c.) The first germ of the Grecian religion came from India, and many of the deities of the latter country will be found, upon an attentive examination, to have been the prototypes of those mentioned in classical mythology. Thus there is a very strong CYBEBE, a name of Cybele, used by the poets resemblance between Cybele and Pracrit, the when a long penult is required. The form Cy-goddess of nature among the Hindoos. Both are belle is sometimes, though with less propriety, employed for a similar purpose. represented as drawn by lions; at the festival of Pracriti a drum is beaten, as it always was at CYBELE, a goddess, daughter of Coelus and that of Cybele. This drum is called Dindyma; Terra, and wife of Saturn. She is supposed to be and in the history of the goddess Cybele, we find the same as Ceres, Rhea, Ops, Vesta, Bona Ma- mention made of Mons Dindymus, where her ter, Magna Mater, Berecynthia, Dindymene, rites were celebrated, and of the appellation &c. According to Diodorus, she was the daugh- Dindymene given to the goddess herself. Auguster of a Lydian prince called Menos, by his wife tin. de Civit. D. &c.-Lactant.- Lucian, in Dea Dindymene, and he adds, that as soon as she was Syr.- Diod. 3.- Virg. Æn 9, 617. 10, 252.- Luborn she was exposed on a mountain. She was can. 1, 566.- Ovid. Trist. 4, 210 et 361.-Plut. de preserved and suckled by some of the wild beasts Loquac.-Cic. ad Attic-Cal. Rhod. 8, 17, &c. of the forest, and received the name of Cybele CY ELE and CYBELA, a mountain of Phryfrom the mountain where her life had been pre-gia, probably near Celænæ. served. When she returned to her father's court, CYBIRA. l'id. Cibyra. Fam. 15, 2 et 4. CYCLADES, a name given by the ancient Greeks to that cluster (xvxλos, circulus,) of islands which encircled Delos. They were at first considered to be only twelve in number, but were afterwards increased to fifteen. These were Ceos, Cythnos, Seriphos, Melos, Siphnos, Cimolos, Prepesinthos, Olearos, Paros, Naxos, Syros, Myconos, Tenos, Andros, and Gyaros. The Cyclades were first inhabited by the Phoenicians, Carians, and Leleges, whose piracies drew down upon them the vengeance of Minos; they were subsequently occupied by the Pers ans, but became dependant on the Athenians after the battle of Mycale. Strab. 10.-Plin. 4, 12.- Herod. 1. 171. 5, 28-Thucyd. 1, 4, 94, &c. she had an intrigue with Atys, a beautiful youth, CYBISTRA, a town of Cappadocia, in Cataonia, whom her father mutilated, &c. All the mytho-west of mount Argaus. Strab. 12.-Cic. Ep. ad .ogists are unanimous in mentioning the amours of Atys and Cybele. The partiality of the goddess for Atys seems to arise from his having first introduced her worship in Phrygia. She enjoined him perpetual celibacy, and the violation of his promise was expiated by voluntary mutilation. In Phrygia the festivals of Cybele were observed with the greatest solemnity. Her priests, called Corybantes, Galli, &c., were not admitted in the service of the goddess without a previous mutilation. In the celebration of the festivals, they imitated the manners of madmen, and filled the air with dreadful shrieks and howlings, mixed with the confused noise of drums, tabrets, bucklers, and spears. This was in commemoration of the sorrow of Cybele for the loss of her favourite Atys. Cybele was generally represented as a robust woman, far advanced in her pregnancy, to intimate the fecundity of the earth. She held keys in her hand, and her head was crowned with rising turrets, and sometimes with the leaves of an oak. She sometimes appears riding in a chariot drawn by two tame lions; Atys follows by her side, carrying a ball in his hand, and supporting himself upon a firtree, which is sacred to the goddess. Sometimes Cybele is represented with a sceptre in her hand, with her head covered with a tower. She is also seen with many breasts, to show that the earth gives aliments to all living creatures; and she generally carries two lions under her arms. From Phrygia the worship of Cybele passed into Greece, and was solemnly established at Eleusis, CYCLOPES, a certain race of men of gigantic stature, supposed to be the sons of Cœlus and Terra. They had but one eye, in the middle of the forehead; whence their name, (xúxλos, circulus, &, oculus). They were three in number, according to Hesiod, called Arges, Brontes, and Steropes. Their number was greater according to other mythologists, and in the age of Ulysses, Polyphemus was their king. (Vid. Polyphemus.) They inhabited the western parts of the island of Sicily; and because they were uncivilized in their manners, the poets speak of them as meneaters. The tradition of their having only one eye originates from their custom of wearing small bucklers of steel which covered their faces. and had a small aperture in the middle, which corresponded exactly to the eye. From their vicinity to mount Etna, they have been supposed to be the workmen of Vulcan, and to have fabricated the thunderbolts of Jupiter. The most solid walls and impregnable fortresses were said, among the ancients, to be the work of the Cyclops, to render them more respectable; and we find that Jupiter was armed with what they had fabricated, and that the shield of Pluto, and the trident of Neptune, were the produce of their labour. The Cyclops were reckoned among the gods, and we find a temple dedicated to their service at Corinth, where sacrifices were solemnly offered. Apollo destroyed them all, because they had made the thunderbolts of Jupiter, with which his son Esculapius had been killed. From the different accounts given of the Cyclops by the ancients, it may be concluded that they were all the same people, to whom various functions have been attributed, which cannot be reconciled one to the other, without drawing the pencil of fiction or mythology. Apollod. 1, 1 et 2. Homer. Odyss. 1, 71. 9, 106 et 185.-Hesiod. Theog. 140.-Theocrit. Id. 1, &c.-Strub. 8.Virg. G. 4, 170. n. 6, 630. 8, 418, &c. 11, 263. -Ovid. Met. 13, 780. 14, 249. CYCNUS, a son of Mars by Pelopea, killed by Hercules. The manner of his death provoked Mars to such a degree, that he resolved severely to punish his murderer, but he was prevented by the thunderbolts of Jupiter. Hygin. fab. 31 et 261.-Hesiod. in Scut. Herc.-A son of Nep. tune by Calyce, invulnerable in every part of his body. Achilles fought against him; but when he saw that his darts were of no effect, he threw him on the ground, and smothered him. He stripped him of his armour, and saw him suddenly changed into a bird of the same name. Ovid. Met. 12, fab. 3.A Boeotian, son of Hyrie by Apollo. He was beloved by Phyllius, who refused to give him a favourite bull, in consequence of which he, in a fit of resentment, threw himself down a precipice on the top of mount Teumesus in Boeotia, and was changed into a swan. Orid. Met. 7, 371, &c.--A son of Sthenelus, king of Liguria. He was deeply afflicted at the death of his friend and relation Phaeton, and in the midst of his lamentations he was metamorphosed into a swan, a bird which chose to dwell in an element of an opposite nature to that which had caused the death of his dearly loved friend. Ovid. Met. 2, 367.-l'irg. Æn. 10, 189.-Paus. 1, 30.-A horse's name. Theb. 6, 524. Stat. CYDAS, a profligate Cretan, made judge at Rome by Antony. Cic. in Phil. 5 et 8. CYDIAS, an Athenian of great valour, &c. Paus. 10, 21.-A painter, who made a celebrated painting of the Argonauts. It was bought by the orator Hortensius, for 164 talents. Plin. 34. CYDIPPE, the wife of Anaxilaus, &c. Herod, 7, 165. The mother of Cleobis and Biton. (Tid. Cleobis.)-A girl beloved by Acontius. id. Acontius.)-One of Cyrene's attendants. Virg. G. 4, 339, CYDNUS, a river of Cilicia Campestris, rising in the chain of mount Taurus, and falling into the sea a little below Tarsus, which stood on its banks. Its waters were remarkably clear and cold, and nearly proved fatal to Alexander, who imprudently bathed in them when heated with marching. The illness of Alexander, resulting from this, is connected with the well-known story of the physician Philip. Arrian. 2, 4.Xen. Anab. i, 2.-Curt. 3, 4. CYN CYDON, a friend of Turnus against Æneas. in the island of Crete, said to have been founded CYDRARA, a town of Asia Minor, situate on the confines of Phrygia and Lydia. Herod. 7, 30. CYDROLAUS, a man who led a colony to Samos. Diod. 5. CYLBIANI, mountains of Phrygia, where the Cayster takes its rise. Plin. 5, 29. CYLICES, a people of Illyricum, between the Naro and the Drilo. They are said to have had among them the tomb of Cadmus and Harmonia. then. 11. CYLINDUS, a son of Phryxus and Calliope. CYLLARUS, the most beautiful of all the Centaurs, passionately fond of Hylonome. He was killed at the marriage of Pirithous; and Hylonome, inconsolable for his loss, stabbed herself with the dart which had caused his death. Ovid. Met. 12, 408.A celebrated horse of Castor, according to Seneca, Valerius Flaccus, and Claudian; but according to Virgil, of Pollux. Virg. G. 3, 99. CYLLENE, the mother of Lycaon, by Pelasgus. Apollod. 3, 8.The haven of Elis, the capital of the district of Elis in the Peloponnesus. A mountain of Arcadia, rising between Stymphalus and Pheneos, on the borders of Achaia It was exceedingly lofty, and celebrattemple on its summit. It is now called Zyria, ed as the birth-place of Mercury, who had a Paus. 8, 17.- Hom. Il. 2, 603. Hymn. in Merc. 1. Pind. Olymp. 6, 129.-Virg. Æn. 8, 139. being born on the mountain of Cyllene. CYLLENEIUS, a surname of Mercury, from his CYLON, an Athenian, who aspired to tyranny. Herod. 5, 71. CYME, the largest and most beautiful town of Eolia, called also Phriconis, and Phriconitis, and Cuma. (Vid. Cuma.) Liv. 37, 11.- Cic. Flace. 20.-Herod. 1, 149. CYMODOCE. CYME, and CYMO, one of the Nereides. Hesiod. Theog. 255.-Virg. G. 4, 388. CYMŎLUS. Vid. Cimolus. CYMÖTHOE, one of the Nereides, represented by Virgil, An 1, 148, as assisting the Trojans with Triton after the storm with which Eolus, at the request of Juno, had afflicted the fleet. CYNÆGIRUS, an Athenian, celebrated for his extraordinary courage. He was brother to the poet Eschylus. After the battle of Marathon, he pursued the flying Persians to their ships, and seized one of their vessels with his right hand, which was immediately severed by the enemy. Upon this he seized the vessel with his left hand, and when he had lost that also, he still kept his hold with his teeth. Herod. 6, 114.Justin. 2, 9. CYNETHE, a town of Arcadia, on the river Crathis, near the northern borders, and some distance to the north-west of Cyllene. The inhabitants were despised and shunned by their fellow countrymen, for their depraved and barbarous manners, said to be the result of their neglecting the study of music. Polyb. 4. CYNANE, a daughter of Philip king of Macedonia, who married Amyntas, son of Perdiccas, by whom she had Eurydice. Polyan. 8. CYNAPES, a river falling into the Euxine. Ovid. 4, Pont. el. 10, 49. CYNARA, one of Horace's favourites. 1, 4. Od. 4, CYNESII and CYNĚTÆ, the most western people of Europe, living beyond the Celta. Herod. 2, 33, 4, 49. CYNETHUSSA, an island in the Egean sea. Plin. 4, 12. CYNIA, a lake of Acarnania. Strab. 16. CYNICI, a sect of philosophers, so called either from Cynosarges, where Antisthenes the founder of the sect lectured, or from the snarling humour of their master. This sect is to be regarded more as an institution of manners than as a school of philosophy; as it was formed rather for the purpose of providing a remedy for the moral disorders of luxury, ambition, and avarice, than with a view to establish any new theory of speculative opinions. The sole end of the Cynic philosophy was to subdue the passions, and produce simplicity of manners. Hence the coarseness of their outward attire, their haughty contempt of external good, and hardy endurance o external ill. The rigorous discipline of the first Cynics, however, degenerated by degrees into the most absurd severity. The Cynics renounced every kind of scientific pursuit, in order to be at perfect liberty to apply themselves to the cultivation of virtuous habits. The sect sank gradually into disesteem and contempt, and many disgraceful tales were propagated concerning them. Vid. Diogenes. CYNISCA, a daughter of Archidamus, king of Sparta, who obtained the first prize in the chariot races at the Olympic games. Paus. 3, 8. rus. place in the suburbs of Athens, appropriated for the public exercises of the youths. It was here also that the Cynic philosophers established their school. Herod. 5 et 6. CYNOSSEMA, (a dog s tomb), a promontory of the Thracian Chersonesus, where Hecuba was changed into a dog, and buried. Ovid. Met. 13, 569. CYNOSURA, a nymph of Ida in Crete. She nursed Jupiter, who changed her into a star which bears the same name. It is the same as the Ursa Minor. Ovid. Fast. 3, 107. CYNTHIA, a beautiful woman, who was mistress to Propertius, 1, el. 1, &c.--A surname of Diana, from mount Cynthus, where she was born. CYNTHIUS, a surname of Apollo, from mount Cynthus. CYNTHUS, a mountain of Ds, so high that it is said to overshadow the whole island. Apollo was surnamed Cynthius, and Diana Cynthia, as they were born on the mountain, which was sacred to them. The modern name is Monte Cintio. Virg. G. 3, 36.—Ovid. Met. 6, 304. Fast. 3, 346. CYNÜRENSES, a people of Arcadia. Paus. 8, 27. CYNUS, a naval station of Opus. Id. 10. 1. CYPARISSE, or CYPARISSIA, a town of Messenia, near the mouth of the river Cyparisseus, and in the centre of the Sinus Cyparissius. The river and gulf are now called Arcadia, and Gul, of Arcadia respectively, from the modern town which occupies the site of Cyparissia. Strab. 8. -Polyb. 5, 92.-A town of Laconia, in the vicinity of the Asopus. The site is now occupied by the modern fortress of Rupino or Rampano, sometimes also called Castel Kyparissi. CYPARISSUS, a youth, son of Telephus of Cea, beloved by Apollo. He killed a favourite stag of Apollo's, for which he was so sorry that he pined away, and was changed by the god into a cypress tree. Virg. Æn. 3, 680.- Ovid. Met. 10, 121-A town near Delphi. Mela, 2, 3. CYPHARA, a fortified place of Thessaly. Liv. 32, 13. CYPRIANUS, a native of Carthage, who, though born of heathen parents, became a convert to CYNO, a woman who preserved the life of Cy- christianity, and the bishop of his country. To Herod. 1, 110. be more devoted to purity and study, he abanCYNOSCEPHALE, a hill in Thessaly, south-doned his wife; and as a proof of his charity, he east of Pharsalus, where the Roman consul T.Q, distributed his goods to the poor. He wrote Flaminius gained a victory over Philip of Mace- eighty-one letters, besides several treatises, de don. and put an end to the first Macedonian war. Dei gratia, de virginum habitu, &c, and rendered It derived its name from the Greek words Kuvos his compositions valuable by the information Kedah, owing to some of its crags resembling a which he conveys of the discipline of the ancient dog's head. Liv. 33, 7.- Plut. Vit. Flamin. church, and by the soundness and purity of his theology. He died a martyr, A. D. 258. best editions of Cyprian are, that of Fell, fol. Oxon. 1682, and. that reprinted Amst. 1700. CYNOCEPHALI, a nation of India, who were said to have the heads of dogs, whence their name. It has been generally supposed that they were nothing more than a species of large ape or baboon. Aul. Gell. 9, 4.-Elian. Nat. An. 4, 46. -Diod. Sic. 3, 34. CYNOPHONTIS, a festival at Argos, observed during the dog-days. It received its name, arò Tou Kuvas povely, from killing dogs, because they used to kill all the dogs they met. CYNORTAS, one of the ancient kings of Sparta, son of Amyelas and Diomede. Paus. 3, 1. CYNOS, a town of Locris, in the territory of the Opuntii, and their principal maritime place. According to some ancient traditions, it had long been the residence of Deucalion and Pyrrha; the latter was even said to have been buried here. Strat. 9. CYNOSARGES. a surname of Hercules.-A The CYPRUS, a daughter of Antony and Cleopatra, who married Agrippa.- -A large island in the Mediterranean sea, south of Cilicia, and west of Syria. It is thought to have obtained its name from Cyprus, one of its early kings, though others say, it was derived from a certain fragrant tree or flower. It was also called Sphecia from its ancient inhabitants the Spheces, Cerastia from its many capes, Macaria from the happiness of its climate, and Paphos from its ancient city of that name. According to ancient measurements, its length from west to east was 1,400 stadia, and its circuit 3,420. It has been celebrated as the residence of Venus, surnamed Cypris, who was the chief deity of the island, and to whose service many places and temples were |
