of the anatomy of forms, applied to the study of the antique statues."-Preface, p. 19.

An appendix by Dr. Knox embraces a recapitulation of the history and uses of artistic anatomy, together with a tasteful and elaborate analysis of the Elgin marbles and other masterpieces of ancient sculpture, to which the atlas supplies a variety of illustrations, designed and engraved with exquisite skill.

The work is strictly addressed to artists, and is intended for their use; its grand aim, indeed, being, in the words of Dr. Knox, "to put the artists in the right direction,"-the aim the work appears eminently calculated to attain and ensure, a correct knowledge of anatomy being absolutely essential to a knowledge of form.

This series deserves and must command a wide circulation. Its cheapness places it within the reach of every one, while its merit will ensure for it a cordial welcome.

12.-POPULAR CHRISTIANITY: ITS TRANSITION STATE AND PROBABLE DEVELOPMENT. By Frederick J. Foxton, A.B., formerly of Pembroke College, Oxford, and Perpetual Curate of Stoke Prior, and Dockton, Herefordshire. London: John Chapman, 142, Strand. 1849.

We can, in the present notice, do little more than give a short summary of the contents of this volume, which, like Mr. Froude's 'Nemesis of Faith,' emanates from a member of the Establishment, and one, moreover, like the author 11.-MAN: FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE; of the Nemesis, trained for the priesthood in being Shakspeare's Seven Ages of Life; illus-that stronghold of orthodoxy, Oxford. We have trated in a series of original designs on wood, not heard that Mr. Foxton's book has yet shared by John Gilbert, Marshall Claxton, and D. H. the same fate as Mr. Froude's; it is not imM'Kewan; engraved by Thomas Gilks. With probable that the authorities have learned wisan Introduction by William Bridges. Lon-dom from experience, and have come to a knowdon W. H. Smith and Son, 136, Strand. ledge of the fact, that the surest way to render a Edinburgh: Menzies. Dublin: M'Glashan. man or a book popular, is to persecute the one 1849. and to burn the other, whenever the religious opinions of either happen to clash with those of their judges.*

ANOTHER admirable series of 'Pictures for the People,' which, though on a grander scale than In brief, then, Mr. Foxton, in this treatise, the Soldier's Progress,' noticed in our last num- teaches that the Scriptures are not inspired, in ber, has the same good end in view, namely, that the usual acceptation of the term; that miracles of affording the means of cultivating, at a cheap are "per se incredible," in the sense in which rate, the more refined taste in art which has re- they are received by the church; that prophecy cently been awakened among the people at is the "far-seeing insight of genius" into things large. Many of the designs are of the highest which are to be hereafter, and, as such, is promerit; and if others do not come up to the same perly distinguished by our author from the "sustandard, their inferiority as compared with the pernatural pretensions of empiricism." He conothers only confirms a remark long ago made, tends for the simple humanity of Christ, but in and over and over again borne out by observa- so doing seeks not to weaken his hold upon hution, relative to the impossibility of securing man affection, but rather to increase and confirm uniformity, either in design or execution, when it; that doctrines and articles of faith are but several artists are engaged in furnishing a series the emanations of human intellect-theologians of illustrations to the same work. In the pre- having first invented a system of doctrines, and sent series, we particularly admire the breadth then dignified by the name of faith the acceptand spirit of the "Justice," and the "Panta- ance of those doctrines by the laity; and, lastly, loon," both designed by Gilbert; there is some- that we are even now in a state of transitionthing strongly reminding one of Albert Durer that a spiritual revolution has actually comin both. Of Marshall Claxton's three contribu- menced, which, without any of the sudden and tions we prefer the "Last Scene of all;" there violent convulsions that heralded and attended is something in the treatment of the "Lover" the reformations of the darker ages, shall effect and the "Warrior," so distinct from the charac- greater and far more strongly marked effects, by ter of the other designs, that they appear quite modifying, or totally changing the attitude of out of place in the series. These remarks are revelation in all its relations to human thought made in no unfriendly spirit, but merely as ex- and human belief. All these points are argued pressive of regret that where so much is excellent there should be anything below the standard of excellence. Mr. Gilks has left nothing to be desired in the manner in which he has rendered the designs entrusted to him.

with much force, and are propounded in a very fair and candid spirit, the author evincing no disposition to beg the question, which, whenever difficulties present themselves, is viewed in all its bearings.

"The transition from a belief in Christ as God,

In Mr. Bridges' brief but clever Introduction, | The following passage-the concluding one as a sequel to the remarks upon each successive in the volume-contains a summary of the stage of existence, we have a "parallel to these whole matter:seven ages of the individual man," and the "succession of periods in the wider history of the world's life, from its infant era preceding all civilization," to our "present period of hery transition," leading, as the author believes, to "the lasting reign of 'Peace on earth and goodwill towards man.'"

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to a belief in him as (in the simple language of Scripture) his only begotten son,' his well-beloved'-the most inspired of our race-the most

Exemplified in the case of the Nemesis of Faith,' a second edition of which has just appeared.

sacred vehicle of that Holy Spirit' that God | 13.-THE COLONIES OF ENGLAND: a Plan for

the Government of some portion of our Colonial Possessions. By John Arthur Roebuck, M.P. London: John W. Parker, West Strand. 1849.

giveth to all men liberally,' is not so violent as may at first sight appear to those whose minds have been emasculated by the refinements of scholasticism. The inspiration of the Scriptures,' in the popular sense of the words, is even now a declining doctrine in the Church herself, mystified by various and conflicting opinions, and giving As we shall probably have an opportunity of 'an uncertain sound' to the popular ear. A be returning to this book at some future time, we lief in miracle and prophecy is becoming daily less shall, in the present notice, confine ourselves to and less necessary as the means of inculcating a giving a brief sketch of the plan proposed. faith in the invisible things of God, in proportion "The object of the present work," says the as the inner miracles of the human heart and in-author, "is to bring into something like a systellect are being made known by the diffusion of tem the principles which ought to prevail in the spiritual knowledge. Creeds and confessions are almost imperceptibly, but surely losing their au-government of our colonies;" and the volume thority over the minds of men, under the expand ing influence of intelligence and toleration."

p. 228.

The introductory chapter "On the Condition of the Churches," will, we believe, be read with interest by all thinking men, however much they may dissent from the positions laid down in the succeeding chapters. The picture of the present anomalous condition of the Christian world, given in this chapter, is too true, and sad as true. The following extract from the preface will be recognised by every candid mind, as conveying a correct idea of the state of religion in our own country; the evils of this state must remain until the pure spirit of religion is substituted for the dogmatical forms which now obtain.

relates exclusively to the plan that should be adopted in British North America, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. These territories though lying in distant parts of the globe, possess similar attributes and capabilities, and the principles by which they ought to be governed are alike.

Mr. Roebuck's plan would appear to be essentially that adopted by the United States of America, since he contrasts the plan of colonization pursued by England in her American possessions, with the method by which the American States have risen in their present position. The comparison is certainly not very favourable to England.

"The first step," says the author, "to take in every case, is to make the colony the manager of its own concerns; the next is to increase those concerns in variety and extent, so that they may become important, not only to the colonist, but to the nations of the earth. I seek to frame a

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"The state of religious anarchy so visible around us, is acknowledged by the convulsive struggles, both of churchmen and dissenters, for the attainment of some definite principle of per- polity which contemplates the colony in its commanence and repose; and, after the vain experi- mencement-in its infancy-and onward in its ence of eighteen centuries, men still dream of course, till it becomes an established and selfestablishing Christianity on the basis of a dogma- governing community; my polity then seeks to tic theology. Everything is being done for the unite this self-governing state with others having Church except giving her a Catholic spirit. When the same interests, and living under the same laws she has no audible voice for the people, a vain cry and according to the same rule of government. is raised for the increase of her churches, and the Thus my plan proceeds preparing for a continuaugmentation of her ministers, that she may ex-ally increasing power and importance-providing tend the circle of her acknowledged inefficiency. a secure and comfortable subsistence for the humMen ask for religion and are answered by churches-they ask for bread and receive a stone. "The material interests of the Church alone occupy the minds of statesmen, who appear to imagine that a false and lifeless theology will gain purity by diffusion. The world is yearning for a "Every colony," he proceeds, "ought to go higher spiritual civilization, and the recognised through two stages of political existence." The priesthood is endeavouring either to restore the first of these he calls a settlement, equivalent to faith of the middle ages, or, at most, to merge the the territory of the United States; the second is divine philosophy of Christ in the Reformation of Luther. When the spiritual wants and desires of a province, simliar to an American State; sevethe age are thus at variance with the inspirations ral provinces grouped together he terms a sysof its anointed teachers, a vital and organic change tem. The first step to be taken in forming a in the national creed appears necessary and ine- colony should be a survey, whereby its bounvitable."-Preface, p. vii.

ble millions who constitute the large majority of the people-and opening a career of honourable ambition for the more aspiring bodies, by whom the people will be guided, ruled, and led."-P. 111.

daries may be fixed, and the several divisions into counties, townships, and parishes deterWe must refer to the book itself for an expo- mined; each parish to be sub-divided into lots, sition of the author's views as to the manner in which are to be sold by authority. A section which this desirable change may be effected, in the fourth chapter is devoted to each of the and would more especially point to the conclud-stages of the colony-settlement, province, sysing chapter; premising that the sincere and tem-showing the mode of working of the procandid inquirer after truth, though he may at posed plan; and this chapter concludes with a first meet with many things in this volume that form for the proposed united legislature of the may shock his opinions, if orthodox, yet we colonies, but it is too long for quotation in this think he cannot fail to derive benefit from a pe-place. rusal of its pages, if it be only from the clear In the concluding chapter-that which relates views of Catholic Christianity therein devel- to British North America, and the means of preoped. venting our possessions there from falling into

"A low, faint cough, from the dark corner "When they were all gone, Peter slipped back where the bed stood, seemed to cause even a deep-to my father, who was putting on his brogues in a er stillness; and then, in a silence, where the corner. Con,' says he, 'ye did it all well; but buzzing of a fly would have been heard, the sick sure that was a joke about the two acres at the man said, 'Where's Billy Scanlan? I want to cross.' make my will!

For an explanation of the motive which induced Peter M'Cabe to get Con, senior, to personate his father, and other pleasant matters, we must refer the reader to Con Cregan' himself.change hands with any advantage to Ireland, in Suffice it for the present to say, that that worthy young man is the means of getting his father transported for life, and his acres confiscated. He sets out on his career with the determination of becoming a gentleman. How he succeeds we shall see, perhaps, when the second volume of his Confessions' is published. My first step in life," he now says, "was to exile my father, and leave myself a beggar-a promising beginning, it must be owned!"

Barrister-at-law, &c. London: John Ollivier,
Pall Mall. 1849.

"Penal

In sowing turnips a farmer has to provide for the subsistence of the turnip-fly as well as for his cattle; and in sowing wheat he has to cal-In the first chapter-"How to treat the Ailments culate that the slug, the wire-worm, a wet win- of the People"-Mr. Symons controverts some ter, or an unusually hard winter may, and very of Mr. Mills' statements relative to the present often will, destroy the germs of three plants out condition and future prospects of the working of five. To speculate, therefore, on the chance classes; and argues that the rich are becoming of every seed taking and arriving at maturity, alive to the importance of ameliorating the conas it sometimes does, is extremely hazardous dition of the poor; and that class prejudices are and improvident farming. The principal feature of the work is a plan lowing chapters we have a large amount of staslowly but certainly disappearing. In the fol for building a model town, of which a very at-tistical and general information, collected with tractive looking print is given as a frontispiece. The proposition is to raise a capital of four mil- great labour from various sources, upon the subjects of "Crimes and Criminals," lions, purchase 10,000 acres of ground in the New Forest, or some other eligible locality, and Discipline and Remedies for Crime," and “Paubuild a thousand or more dwelling-houses, with perism and Poor Laws." In Chapter V., on "Education as a Remedy," the author shows public buildings of all kinds, combining the la- that "the religious and sound secular education test constructive improvements, as adapted to of the whole community is vitally essential to health, comfort, and general convenience. The the accomplishment and full effect of every town, Mr. Buckingham proposes, shall be gov other amelioration;" and, in order that adequate erned upon the principle of a joint-stock associ- funds may be raised to carry out educational ation; differing, however, from the co-associations of Mr. Owen, in recognizing distinctions the propriety of charging all future educationmeasures efficiently and thoroughly, he suggests of classes, and in giving, in respect to manage-al grants on the property (not income) tax, which ment, votes to property and not to members. This is, perhaps, the only basis on which any may very properly be augmented by the amount scheme of the kind is at all practicable, with our existing notions of private interests; but it "A million and a half per annum would be is not so much pecuniary as moral difficulties cheaply applied in the establishment of sufficient which interfere with the realization of every si- and adequate schools. The country would soon milar project, and these neither Mr. Owen nor would ensue to those latent resources and elerepay itself in the manifold developments which Mr. Buckingham have shown us how to over-ments of wealth to which the enlightenment of a

come.

required.""

people gives birth. It would, moreover, diminish the cost of crime, and prevent those occasional orgasms of an uneducated body which so often disturb society and weaken the powers of industry."

It has happened to many persons to observe that those who talk the most about human fraternity are often the least disposed to practise it; and we are, perhaps, all more capricious In the concluding chapter, under the head of and antagonistic in our tastes and habits than "Kind treatment and better provision for the we are willing to allow. The families that live tastes and comforts of the people," the author in happy accord when near neighbours, are less shows how much might be done by the cultivanumerous than could be wished, and we should tion of a better feeling between masters and not know where to look for a thousand such their workmen; by the establishment of profamilies, sufficiently pleased with each other to perly conducted and comfortable lodging-houses become members of the community described. in large towns; by the formation of evening In brief, Mr. Buckingham's model town associa-club-houses for reading, and conversation of an tion is a splendid dream; but we would not dis- improving nature; and by the promotion of courage such visions; something will come of them in the end. The spirit of co-operation is undoubtedly making great progress. Building clubs are numerous. Suburban village associations have been formed, and receive high patronage. Model lodging-houses have been erected, and model towns may have their turn. The first experiments may be costly failures, but they will lead to more economical and prosper

public gardens and cricket-grounds, as important aids in the improvement of popular tastes and habits. He argues that emigration is no remedy for the general or national want; and in his concluding observations, he energetically warns the government of the imminent danger of longer delaying the institution of some sound, efficient, and practical system of education for the people, as the only means of averting evils which threaten the moral greatness of the country. It is probable that with our present experience The work is valuable for the amount of inin the construction of railroads, a hundred mil-formation contained in its pages upon the prelions of money thrown away upon landlords, lawyers, and engineers, might have been saved; but, after all, the railroads are works that will remain wonders of the age; and the wonderworking principle that has produced them has been that of co-operation.

ous results.

16. TACTICS FOR THE TIMES; as regards the Condition and Treatment of the Dangerous Classes. By Jelinger C. Symons, Esq., B. A.,

sent condition of the "Dangerous Classes," and for the valuable suggestions thrown out for the amelioration of that condition.