Understanding Crime: Current Theory and ResearchTravis Hirschi, Michael Gottfredson The multiple factor approach is a departure from criminological traditions established by Sutherland. It studies correlates of crime as individual qualities to determine the risks of different categories of persons. The factors reevaluated in the first two essays are long-discredited ones that link family stability and religious upbringing to the reduced likelihood of criminal behavior. The first study shows that children from broken homes are more likely to commit a variety of delinquent acts under a variety of conditions. The paper on religion cites data on cities where higher church membership correlates with lower crime rates and concludes that religion does play a central role in sustaining the moral order. The third paper considers the relationship between crime and the concept of defensible space in environmental design. Another study reports the systematic observation of delinquent children interacting with their parents and ascribes an active role to children in their own socialization, showing how antisocial children train parents and teachers to cease making demands. Papers in the second part of this volume use conceptual schemes derived from disciplines outside sociology. A study of family violence develops the thesis that the ultimate origins and current distribution of child abuse may be found in a single principle of evolutionary biology. A paper examining behavior patterns of aggression, attachment, and violence questions Sutherland's subculture of violence theses by showing how pursuits of basic sociability can result in violent behavior contrary to the values of the group. Papers on juvenile delinquency and group home treatment represent approaches using a combination of psychological learning principles and differential association. (NCJRS modified). |
Contents
The Sutherland Tradition in Criminology | 7 |
A Critical Review | 53 |
Children Who Steal | 73 |
Copyright | |
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Akers American Anglo antisocial children Applied Behavior Analysis assault attachment behavior auto theft Behavior Analysis boys broken home Burgess burglary Catholic Chicago child abuse church membership Conger control theory correlation CPTED Cressey crime rates crime-related outcomes criminal behavior Criminology defensible space theory delinquent behavior deviant behavior differences differential association divorce effect environment explained factors Father father-absence findings forthcoming girls group home Hirschi Homes Homes Gamma homicide inclusive fitness individual influence Intact Absent interaction Journal marijuana measures mediating variables ment Mexican-American mothers Newman Number Reporting Offense parents patterns Patterson peers Percentage and Number perspective physical predictors predisposition for attachment problem projects proximity punishment reinforcing value relationship religion religious residential residents sample self-reported delinquency social control social control theories social learning theory socially aggressive Sociology Stealers subculture of violence suggested Sutherland teaching teaching-parents theorists tion truancy U.S. Government Printing Univ urban vandalism York youths