Effective Programs for Students at RiskMuch more is known about how to best prevent and remediate learning deficits than is being applied. However, much remains to be learned about effective programs for students at risk of failure. Major restructuring of compensatory and special education programs in the early grades is needed to ensure all students an adequate level of basic skills for later years. This book provides information on effective programs for students at risk and lays a groundwork for program changes. Three major types of programs--compensatory, special education, and general education--are analyzed through review of their history, legal requirements, and practical restraints. Examples of effective classroom, pullout, preschool, and kindergarten programs and their principles are described. Instructional issues for teaching students at risk are addressed. Results from a study of 24 schools on the quality of compensatory education and instructional settings, activities, and other design features related to achievement gain are given as well as effective strategies for academically handicapped students in the regular classroom. A redesign of programs is offered and conclusions are drawn for new practices and policies. References appear at the end of every chapter, and an index is included. (EJS) |
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Contents
u her | 4 |
EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM PROGRAMS | 23 |
FOR STUDENTS AT RISK | 52 |
Copyright | |
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ability academic achievement activities addition aides analysis approach areas argued assessment assigned associated behaviors Chapter child classes cognitive compared comparison compensatory education comprehension concluded continued cooperative coordination curriculum direct instruction disadvantaged discussion districts early Educational Research effective elementary evaluation evidence example findings gains given grade groups identified implementation important Improvement in-class included increased indicated individual instruction issue JDRP kindergarten knowledge language learning Leinhardt less lessons low-achieving mainstreamed major materials math mathematics measures models needs noted observed particular percent performance planning positive practice preschool presented problems procedures programs progress projects pullout questions reading receive regular classroom remedial reported response risk sample scores setting skills Slavin social special education specific strategies structured studies success suggested Table teachers teaching tests tion Title treatment tutoring types variables