The Young Turks in OppositionThis is the first in-depth study of the secret society called CUP (Committee of Union and Progress), which was founded by a group of Ottoman intellectuals who named themselves the Young Turks. In 1908, the revolution of the Young Turks established a constitutional regime that became the major ruling power in the Ottoman Empire until 1918. Based on wide-ranging archival sources, M. Sukru Hanioglu's landmark work is the story of the power struggles within the CUP and its impact on twentieth-century Turkish politics and culture. It also provides important insights into the diplomatic relationship between the Ottoman Empire and the so-called Great Powers of Europe at the turn of the century. Hanioglu traces and defines the intellectual roots and ideas of the movement in the process of charting the evolution of its Weltanschauung. Based on the CUP's own papers, Hanioglu's work also reveals the ways in which European political ideas and theories influenced intellectuals in the Ottoman Empire. The history of the formative years of this catalytic movement holds tremendous relevance to any attempt to analyze subsequent developments, not only in Turkey, but also in the Balkans, Causasus, and the Middle East. |
Contents
1 Introduction | 3 |
2 Ideological Roots of the Young Turks | 7 |
3 The CUP Other Opposition Forces and the Sultan | 33 |
The Formative Years of the Committee | 71 |
The CUP 18981900 | 110 |
6 The CUP in the Hands of the HighRanking Conspirators | 142 |
7 Organizational Transformation of the CUP 18891902 | 167 |
8 The First Congress of Ottoman Opposition in Paris and Its Consequences | 173 |
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Common terms and phrases
Abdülhamid Abdülhamid II Abdullah Cevdet activists activities AE-NS-T Ahmed Muhtar Pasha Ahmed Rıza Albanian Anthopulos Pasha April AQSh Archives Armenian August BBA-YEE BBA-YSHM Bektashis British Bundesarchiv-Bern Cairo Cemiyeti central committee central organ Chamberlain's office claimed Comité congress Constantinople coup d'état CUP members Damad Mahmud Pasha December Defteri Delcassé diplomatic Doctor Nâzım Efendi Egyptian branch Embassy in London European Fahri February foreign Freemasons French Geneva Geneva center Giden high-ranking Hoca Hürriyet Ibid İbrahim Temo İntikam İshak Sükûti Islamic İsmail Kemal Istanbul İttihad ve Terakki January journal July June Jungtürken Kongresi letter March Mechveret Supplément Français Medgidia Mektub Meşveret Midhat Mizan Muhaberata Mahsus Münir Bey Murad Bey Murad Bey's Muslim November October Osmanlı Ottoman Empire Ottoman government PAAA palace Paris Paşa police political positivist Private Papers published regime Reşid Riza Rıza's Salisbury Schillingsfürst sent September sultan Süssheim Tevfik Tunalı Hilmi Turkey Turkish Turkish Embassy ulema undated Young Turk movement