Polarized Light in Nature |
Contents
Visibility of stars and planets by day | 37 |
Total solar eclipse | 38 |
general features | 40 |
Polarization contrasts between iceclouds and waterclouds Dustclouds sandclouds and smoke | 41 |
Polarization and negative polarization of clouds at twilight | 42 |
Noctilucent clouds and nacreous clouds | 43 |
Rainbows haloes glories and related phenomena | 46 |
Rainbows | 47 |
Paper frosted glass houses stones mountains and metals | 79 |
The motorcar | 81 |
Plants animals and men | 82 |
The circularly polarized gloss of certain beetles | 84 |
Glass objects panes diamond quartz and other transparent materials | 85 |
Car windscreens and other doublyrefracting kinds of glass | 89 |
colour phenomena in polarized light Demonstrations of slides with cellophane | 92 |
Nocturnal sources of light and artificial light | 100 |
The sky near rainbows | 49 |
Reflectionbows and abnormal rainbows | 51 |
Fogbows and cloudbows | 53 |
A thirteenth rainbow? | 56 |
Polarization of parhelia circles and arcs at 22 from the sun 37 Haloes at 46 from the sun | 65 |
Artificial haloes | 68 |
The glory | 69 |
The diffraction corona the heiligenschein and iridescent clouds | 72 |
Natural scenery and objects around us | 74 |
Plains | 76 |
Roads and mirages | 78 |
The phosphorescent sea wood fireflies etc | 109 |
Colour phenomena of minerals in polarized light | 117 |
Pleochroic minerals e g glaucophane tourmaline and epidote | 125 |
The formation of polarized light from unpolarized light | 131 |
conclusion | 137 |
The alteration of the state of polarization by reflection and other | 144 |
Reflection of polarized light by metallic surfaces | 150 |
Crystallooptics optical mineralogy | 156 |
Conclusion and overview | 162 |
Common terms and phrases
angle of incidence appear beam of light biaxial blue light blue sky Brewster angle bright circular filter circularly polarized light clouds colour phenomena crossed filters crystals dark degree of polarization depends difference in path-length direction of polarization double refraction emit extinguished formed Gehrels glass glory gloss Haidinger's brush haloes heiligenschein ice-crystals illumination incident light index of refraction internal reflection isogyres left-handed linear filters linearly polarized light linearly polarizing filter look metal minerals molecules moon negative polarization objects observed occurs optical activity optical axis pane parhelia parhelion particles patterns perpendicular phase-shift phenomenon plane of polarization plate polarization effects polarization of light quartz radial polarization rainbow reflected light result right-handed scattered light seen sense of rotation source of light spots strongly polarized sub-sun sunglasses sunlight tangential with respect tangentially polarized total reflection transmitted light twilight uniaxial unpolarized usually vertically polarized light visible wavelength zodiacal light