Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and TechniquesFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is now a standard tool for mapping activation patterns in the human brain. This highly interdisciplinary field involves neuroscientists and physicists as well as clinicians who need to understand the rapidly increasing range, flexibility and sophistication of the techniques. In this book, Richard Buxton, a leading authority on fMRI, provides an invaluable introduction for this readership to how fMRI works, from basic principles and the underlying physics and physiology, to newer techniques such as arterial spin labeling and diffusion tensor imaging. |
Contents
AN OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 1 |
Introduction to Functional Neuroimaging | 3 |
Energy Metabolism in the Brain | 4 |
Cerebral Blood Flow | 22 |
Brain Activation | 41 |
Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 63 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance | 64 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 86 |
Mapping the MR Signal | 218 |
MRI Techniques | 249 |
Noise and Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Images | 274 |
PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 307 |
Perfusion Imaging | 309 |
Principles of Tracer Kinetics | 310 |
Contrast Agent Techniques | 330 |
Arterial Spin Labeling Techniques | 349 |
Imaging Functional Activity | 104 |
PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 121 |
The Nature of the Magnetic Resonance Signal | 123 |
Basic Physics of Magnetism and NMR | 124 |
Relaxation and Contrast in MRI | 155 |
Diffusion and the MR Signal | 185 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 217 |
Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Imaging | 387 |
Mapping Brain Activation with BOLDfMRI | 415 |
Statistical Analysis of BOLD Data | 443 |
Efficient Design of BOLD Experiments | 471 |
The Physics of NMR | 491 |
Index | 509 |
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Common terms and phrases
amplitude arterial blood arterial spin artifacts attenuation axis blood volume BOLD effect BOLD signal change brain activation CBF change cerebral blood flow CMRO2 coil component contrast agent decay decrease deoxyhemoglobin depends described distortions distribution dynamic encoding Equation example experiment field gradients field offsets Figure flip angle fMRI frequency gadolinium glucose gradient echo gradient pulse hemodynamic response impulse response increase intravascular intrinsic inversion k-space kmax linear longitudinal magnetization Magn magnetic dipole magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging magnetic susceptibility magnitude measured metabolism model functions molecule neural activity noise oxygen parameters pattern perfusion phase-encoding pixel plane precession produce proportional proton pulse sequence reduced relaxation resolution RF pulse sensitivity slice space spatial spin echo stimulus studies T₁ T1-weighted tagged techniques tion tissue concentration tissue curve tracer transit delay transverse magnetization vector venous vessels volume of distribution voxel Weisskoff