The Social Construction of What?

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Harvard University Press, 1999 - Philosophy - 261 pages

Lost in the raging debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what, precisely, is being constructed. Facts, gender, quarks, reality? Is it a person? An object? An idea? A theory? Each entails a different notion of social construction, Ian Hacking reminds us. His book explores an array of examples to reveal the deep issues underlying contentious accounts of reality.

Especially troublesome in this dispute is the status of the natural sciences, and this is where Hacking finds some of his most telling cases, from the conflict between biological and social approaches to mental illness to vying accounts of current research in sedimentary geology. He looks at the issue of child abuse—very much a reality, though the idea of child abuse is a social product. He also cautiously examines the ways in which advanced research on new weapons influences not the content but the form of science. In conclusion, Hacking comments on the “culture wars” in anthropology, in particular a spat between leading ethnographers over Hawaii and Captain Cook. Written with generosity and gentle wit by one of our most distinguished philosophers of science, this wise book brings a much needed measure of clarity to current arguments about the nature of knowledge.

 

Contents

Chapter 1 Why Ask What?
1
Chapter 2 Too Many Metaphors
35
Chapter 3 What about the Natural Sciences?
63
Biological or Constructed?
100
The Case of Child Abuse
125
Chapter 6 Weapons Research
163
Chapter 7 Rocks
186
Chapter 8 The End of Captain Cook
207
Notes
227
Works Cited
239
Index
257
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About the author (1999)

Ian Hacking was University Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto. He held the Chair of Philosophy and History of Concepts at the Collège de France.

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