The Hong Merchants of Canton: Chinese Merchants in Sino-Western TradeThis study eschews the uncritical acceptance of secondary sources that has characterized studies in this field, going back to and reinterpreting previously neglected primary sources, thereby enabling it to chart linkages between the European and Asian trades that have been regarded as parallel but unrelated (or at best competing) activities. In so doing, the work sheds new light on this crucial period. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Early Merchants 16841740 | 26 |
Principal Contractors with the EIC 172540 | 41 |
Leading Merchants 172040 | 43 |
Number of Junks Entering Manila 16711745 | 51 |
Portuguese Ships from Macao at Batavia 171838 | 54 |
Junks from Chinese Ports at Batavia 171741 | 55 |
The MerchantBureaucrat 174098 | 79 |
Canton Officials 175160 | 207 |
Canton Officials 176079 | 209 |
Canton Officials 177999 | 212 |
Tael Weights for Six Leading Hong Merchants 1732 | 241 |
Example of Tips Paid by Foreigners to Port Minions | 242 |
Military Taxation Disbursements from the Consoo Fund | 243 |
Expenditure on River Barriers and Forts 180816 | 244 |
Merchant Debts | 246 |
End of Generation Cycle 175961 | 82 |
Identification of Hongists in Henri Cordiers List of 1765 | 84 |
Hong Merchants 178098 | 87 |
First Two Classes of Hong Merchants 1755 | 94 |
European Trade at Canton 171998 113 | 97 |
EIC Debts to Hong Merchants 178288 | 114 |
Merchant Debts to the English East India Company 178896 | 115 |
The Leaders and Their Firms 16841796 | 128 |
Accounts of Yngshaw and Phuankhequa with the EIC | 152 |
Officials and the Trade | 191 |
Canton Officials 16811719 | 195 |
Canton Officials 172040 | 198 |
Canton Officials 174151 | 203 |
Merchant Failures of the 1770s and Their Debts | 258 |
Merchant Debts and Repayments 176970 | 292 |
Reappraisal | 299 |
Generation Cycles of Roughly 20 Years for 45 Merchants | 309 |
Generic Cycle Roughly Every 40 Years | 311 |
Family Cycles | 313 |
Histogram of SeventyNine Hong Merchants in the European | 341 |
Glossary | 348 |
References | 355 |
| 365 | |
The extent of the Chinese maritime world in the early fifteenth century 3 | |
Other editions - View all
The Hong Merchants of Canton: Chinese Merchants in Sino-Western Trade, 1684-1798 Weng Eang Cheong No preview available - 2015 |
Common terms and phrases
administration Amoy Batavia Beau Khequa became capital merchants CC & CD cent Ch'ing Ch'üanchow Chai Hunqua chartered companies Chetqua Chief Merchant China coast Chinese Chinqua Chowqua Chronicles Co-Hong Consoo Fund contracts Coqua country trade court creditors Cudgin debts decades Dermigny Dutch duties early merchants Edict EIC's eighteenth century embassy Emperor English European trade export failed failure Fat Hunqua firm foreign trade French Fukien Fukienese functions Geequa Geowqua Governor guild H.B. Morse Hong merchants Hongists Hoppo Ibid imperial indebtedness junk trade Kewshaw Kuang-shun Kwangtung L.S. Fu later leaders leadership leading merchants Leonqua levy Macao Mandarin Quiqua Manila maritime Mawqua Ming monopoly Ningpo officials old China trade overseas Peking period Phuankhequa piculs ports Portuguese prohibition security merchants ships Shykinqua silk supercargoes Suqua Sweetia taels teas Teunqua Tinqua trade at Canton Tsetsyau type of merchant up-country suppliers Viceroy Yang Lin Yngshaw Yokqua Young Khequa
Popular passages
Page 356 - Maritime China from Wang Chih to Shih Lang", in Jonathan D. Spence and John E. Wills eds., From Ming to Ch'ing, Yale 1979, pp.
References to this book
Between China and Europe: Person, Culture and Emotion in Macao João de Pina-Cabral No preview available - 2002 |
Between China and Europe: Person, Culture and Emotion in Macao João de Pina-Cabral No preview available - 2002 |