Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National CulturesIn 1980, Geert Hofstede published his monumental work CultureÆs Consequences, which laid out four dimensions on which the differences among national cultures could be understood: individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Since then much research has been conducted and presented on individualism/collectivism but until now, no single volume has focused on the masculinity dimension of the model. In Masculinity and Femininity, Hofstede has expanded, sharpened, and deepened the discussion of masculinity and femininity. This new volume presents the first thoroughly developed discussion of this dimension and how it can help us understand the differences among cultures. It begins with a general explanation of masculinity and discusses how it illuminates broad features of different cultures. It then applies the dimension more specifically to gender, sexuality, and religion. Finally, the book examines how the masculinity dimension reveals a lot about a cultureÆs expressions of religious ideas, the importance its citizens attach to religion, and the way religious concepts are understood. Intended as a companion volume to KimÆs Individualism and Collectivism, this important volume will be of interest to those teaching courses such as cross-cultural psychology, international social welfare, international business, womenÆs studies, cultural studies, and the psychology of women. |
Contents
Misconceptions About What Masculinity | 18 |
Origins and Future of MasFem Differences | 26 |
Femininity and Subjective WellBeing | 44 |
MasculinityFemininity and Consumer Behavior | 55 |
The Cultural Construction of Gender | 77 |
Masculinity and Femininity in the Self | 106 |
Relationships Between M and MAS Scores | 115 |
American Versus Dutch | 130 |
American Students | 139 |
Individualism and Masculinity Scores | 145 |
The Importance of Femininity in Explaining | 179 |
Religion Masculinity and Sex | 192 |
References | 211 |
227 | |
About the Authors | 235 |
Other editions - View all
Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures Geert Hofstede Limited preview - 1998 |
Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures Geert Hofstede Limited preview - 1998 |
Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures Geert Hofstede Limited preview - 1998 |
Common terms and phrases
affective meaning American analysis answers associated boys Chapter Christian church collectivistic competitiveness country scores cross-cultural cross-national Culture's Consequences Denmark differentiation dimensions of national Dutch students European factor feminine countries feminine cultures Finland Geert Hofstede gender differences gender roles gender stereotypes girls GNP per capita Goals Orientation groups Hofstede's homosexuals ideal important Ind/Col individual Japan less male and female Mas/Fem differences Mas/Fem dimension masculine countries masculine cultures masculinity and femininity Masculinity Index Masculinity/Femininity mean scores multiple correlation national culture national wealth negatively Netherlands norms Norway overall partner percentage Portugal position Power Distance psychology questionnaire questions Reader's Digest relationship religion religious Renault Mégane respondents samples scale secularization self-concepts sexual shows significant significantly social society Spearman rank correlation SSAS stress Sweden Table taboo temperature tion Uncertainty Avoidance United variables versus Vliert women World Values Survey