Code Name Arcadia: The First Wartime Conference of Churchill and Roosevelt"The First Washington Conference, codenamed ARCADIA, was a secret meeting held the days immediately following the entrance of the United States into World War II-December 1941 to January 1942. It was the first meeting between the United States and Britain to determine military strategy. Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and their top aides spent hours making major decisions that would determine the direction of the Allied war effort. The main achievement of the conference was the "Europe first" decision, declaring that the defeat of Germany was the highest priority. Many other policies were determined that winter in the nation's capital: the "unity of command" principle, placing the various theaters of war under a single, supreme commander; limits on reinforcements for the Pacific in light of the Europe first policy; measures specifically aimed at keeping China in the war; the coordination of shipping and logistics among the Allies; and the establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, centered in Washington, to approve the military decisions of both the United States and Britain Neither side knew what to expect before this momentous meeting. Before the war, the British and the Americans had differing strategic concerns, especially about the Pacific and East Asia, differences of such contrast that the conference was in jeopardy of ending early if not resolved. The narrative uses a chronological approach that examines in detail each day of the conference. This day-by-day methodology shows the gradual development of rapport between the allied chieftains, why and how it forged relationships, and the undercurrent of tension as each ally sought to ensure its national interests while cooperating with the other in a grand alliance. Historian and retired Brigadier General John F. Shortal skillfully unravels the inside story of this pivotal meeting. He shows how the working and personal relationships between Roosevelt and Churchill, as well as their military chiefs of staffs, first took root and then blossomed during the conference laying the cornerstone of trust for Anglo-American wartime collaboration. Arcadia makes a major contribution not only to the history of World War II, but also to our understanding of the power structure of the postwar world"-- |
