Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Design and Analysis for Field StudiesWe have written this book as a guide to the design and analysis of field studies of resource selection, concentrating primarily on statistical aspects of the comparison of the use and availability of resources of different types. Our intended audience is field ecologists in general and, in particular, wildlife and fisheries biologists who are attempting to measure the extent to which real animal populations are selective in their choice of food and habitat. As such, we have made no attempt to address those aspects of theoretical ecology that are concerned with how animals might choose their resources if they acted in an optimal manner. The book is based on the concept of a resource selection function (RSF), where this is a function of characteristics measured on resourceunits such that its value for a unit is proportional to the probability of that unit being used. We argue that this concept leads to a unified theory for the analysis and interpretation of data on resource selection and can replace many ad hoc statistical methods that have been used in the past. |
Contents
STATISTICAL MODELLING PROCEDURES | 16 |
EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS | 27 |
STUDIES WITH RESOURCES DEFINED BY SEVERAL CATEGORIES | 46 |
RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS FROM LOGISTIC REGRESSION | 83 |
RESOURCE SELECTION OVER SEVERAL TIME PERIODS | 118 |
LOGLINEAR MODELLING | 139 |
DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS WITH CHANGING AVAILABILITY | 150 |
APPLICATIONS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 164 |
Estimation of a Modified LogLinear Model | 179 |
SOME OTHER TYPES OF ANALYSIS 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 Compositional Analysis Mahalanobis Distance Estimation Using Machine Learning Met... | 192 |
COMPUTING 14 1 14 2 14 3 14 4 General Considerations Logistic Regression Example Code Loglinear Model Example Code Discrete Choice Mod... | 205 |
| 217 | |
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Common terms and phrases
analysis approximately assumed assumption available resource units available sample available units Bonferroni calculated Chapter chi-squared distribution coefficients compared confidence intervals considered corixids counts covariance defined deviance discrete choice model equation estimated RSF example foraging galaxiids geographical information system habitat selection habitat types home range independent indicator variables individual animals likelihood function linear locations log-linear model logistic regression Mahalanobis distance measured method moose multivariate normal distribution nest observed obtained parameters pixels Poisson distributions population of available population selection ratios probability of selection proportional hazards proportional hazards model quadrats random sample random variable relative probabilities resource categories resource selection function resource selection probability resource selection studies RSPF sample of available sample of unused sampling protocol selection model selection probability function shown in Table significant significantly large situation standard errors standardized residuals statistical study area study plots trout unused resource units unused units values variance zero