Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Micronutrients

National Academies Press, Jul 19, 2002 - Medical - 800 pages

This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient.

Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also:

• Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds.
• Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role.
• Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.
• Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health.

This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

Contents

• Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes: 29
• CATEGORIES OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: 30
• PARAMETERS FOR DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: 36
• SUMMARY: 42
• Overview and Methods: 44
• METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS: 45
• ESTIMATES OF NUTRIENT INTAKE: 54
• DIETARY INTAKES IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA: 55
• SUMMARY: 58
• A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels: 60
• A MODEL FOR THE DERIVATION OF TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 62
• APPLICATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO NUTRIENTS: 67
• STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL: 71
• INTAKE ASSESSMENT: 79
• REFERENCES: 80
• Vitamin A: 82
• BACKGROUND INFORMATION: 83
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR VITAMIN A: 97
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE VITAMIN A REQUIREMENT: 106
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 110
• INTAKE OF VITAMIN A: 122
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 125
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VITAMIN A: 146
• Vitamin K: 162
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR VITAMIN K: 165
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE VITAMIN K REQUIREMENT: 173
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 176
• INTAKE OF VITAMIN K: 184
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 187
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VITAMIN K: 189
• Chromium: 197
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR CHROMIUM: 202
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHROMIUM REQUIREMENT: 204
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 205
• INTAKE OF CHROMIUM: 211
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 213
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHROMIUM: 216
• REFERENCES: 217
• Copper: 224
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR COPPER: 229
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE COPPER REQUIREMENT: 233
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 235
• INTAKE OF COPPER: 245
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 246
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COPPER: 252
• Iodine: 258
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR IODINE: 262
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE IODINE REQUIREMENT: 267
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 268
• INTAKE OF IODINE: 277
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 278
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IODINE: 284
• Iron: 290
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR IRON: 300
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE IRON REQUIREMENT: 311
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 316
• INTAKE OF IRON: 355
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 356
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IRON: 378
• Manganese: 394
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR MANGANESE: 397
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE MANGANESE REQUIREMENT: 401
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 402
• INTAKE OF MANGANESE: 407
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 408
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANGANESE: 414
• REFERENCES: 415
• Molybdenum: 420
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR MOLYBDENUM: 422
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE MOLYBDENUM REQUIREMENT: 424
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 425
• INTAKE OF MOLYBDENUM: 432
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 433
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MOLYBDENUM: 439
• Zinc: 442
• SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR ZINC: 447
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE ZINC REQUIREMENT: 454
• FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP: 458
• INTAKE OF ZINC: 480
• TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS: 481
• RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ZINC: 488
• REFERENCES: 489
• Arsenic Boron Nickel Silicon and Vanadium: 502
• ARSENIC: 503
• BORON: 510
• NICKEL: 521
• SILICON: 529
• VANADIUM: 532
• REFERENCES: 543
• Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes: 554
• ASSESSING NUTRIENT INTAKES OF INDIVIDUALS: 555
• ASSESSING NUTRIENT INTAKES OF GROUPS: 558
• PLANNING NUTRIENT INTAKES OF INDIVIDUALS: 562
• PLANNING NUTRIENT INTAKES OF GROUPS: 563
• NUTRIENTSPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS: 564
• SUMMARY: 576
• REFERENCES: 578
• A Research Agenda: 580
• MAJOR KNOWLEDGE GAPS: 581
• THE RESEARCH AGENDA: 584
• Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes: 587
• Acknowledgments: 591
• Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES III 19881994: 594
• Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals CSFII 19941996: 616
• Dietary Intake Data from the US Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study 19911997: 626
• Canadian Dietary Intake Data 1990: 632
• Biochemical Indicators for Iron Vitamin A and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES III 19881994: 636
• Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES I...: 648
• Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentiles of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals CSFII 19...: 653
• Glossary and Acronyms: 660
• Conversion of Units: 665
• Options for Dealing with Uncertainties: 666
• Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members: 671
• Index: 685
• RECOMMENDED INTAKES FOR INDIVIDUALS VITAMINS: 726
• RECOMMENDED INTAKES FOR INDIVIDUALS VITAMINS: 728

Bibliographic information

• Title: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc; Dietary Reference Intakes
• Authors: Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Micronutrients
• Edition: illustrated, reprint
• Publisher: National Academies Press, 2002
• ISBN: 0309072794, 9780309072793
• Length: 800 pages
• Subjects: Medical / Nutrition