Chromium in the Natural and Human EnvironmentsJerome O. Nriagu, Evert Nieboer Provides a comprehensive chemical and biochemical treatment on the effects of chromium in the environment and in man. Such an integrated treatment of the chemical and biochemical aspects of chromium is novel and has not appeared in the published literature. Reviews the information on global cycling and environmental occurrence of chromium compounds, which defines the extent of the environmental and toxicological concern. The treatment of chromium chemistry provides the basis for toxicological models of chromium hypersensitivity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics. Chapters contain graphical representations of the voluminous mutagenicity and animal carcinogenicity data according to chromium compound type, and a tabular summary of all published epidemiological data, broken down according to industry. Also covers clinical patterns, prognosis, pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and environmental and biological monitoring. |
Contents
Historical Perspectives | 1 |
Biologic Chemistry of Chromium | 21 |
Production and Uses of Chromium | 81 |
Atmospheric Emissions of Chromium from Natural | 105 |
Distribution and Characteristic Features of Chromium in | 125 |
Geochemistry of Chromium in the Oceans | 173 |
Occurrence and Distribution of Chromium in Natural Waters | 189 |
Chromium Contamination of Groundwater | 215 |
Chromium Toxicity to Algae and Bacteria | 305 |
The Significance of the Interactions of Chromium and Bacteria | 317 |
Effects on Microorganisms with Special | 335 |
Genetic Approaches in the Study of Chromium Toxicity | 351 |
The Toxicity of Chromium to Fish | 369 |
Mutagenic and Other Genotoxic Effects of Chromium | 399 |
Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds | 443 |
Chromium Hypersensitivity | 497 |
Chromium Removal from Industrial Wastewaters | 231 |
Mobility and Bioavailability of Chromium in Soils | 267 |
Other Health Effects of Chromium Compounds | 533 |
Other editions - View all
Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments Jerome O. Nriagu,Evert Nieboer No preview available - 1988 |
Common terms and phrases
adsorption aerosols alloys animals anion atmospheric bacteria Bartlett biological carcinogenic cells Chem chemical chromate chrome chromic acid chromium compounds chromium concentrations chromium emissions chromium levels chromium toxicity Chromium(III complexes containing Cr(III Cr(VI CrO3 deposition dermatitis dose effects of chromium effluent Environ Environmental excretion exposure factors Fathead minnow ferrochromium groundwater Health heavy metals hexavalent chromium Hueper increased industry inhibition injection insoluble iron Langård lead chromate ligands Loutit lung cancer manganese membranes metabolism mg/L mutagenicity mutation nickel observed organic oxidation Pacyna particles pigment plants Pollut potassium dichromate precipitation production proteins rainbow trout redox reduced reported resistance samples sediments sensitivity skin sludge sodium sodium chromate sodium dichromate soil soluble solution sources species stainless steel studies sulfate surface Table tannery tissues trace elements treatment trivalent chromium tumors U.S. EPA uptake vitro waste wastewater workers zinc µg chromium µg/ml
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