The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. II: August 1919-August 1920This second volume of Robert A. Hill's monumental ten-volume survey of Marcus Mosiah Garvey's extraordinary mass movement of black social protest covers a period of rapid growth. The Universal Negro Improvement Association, with its "Africa for the Africans" program of racial nationalism, rapidly gained in strength in the aftermath of Garvey's successful meeting in Carnegie Hall in August 1919, and culminated in its spectacular First International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World in 1920. Hill has compiled a wealth of archival documents and original manuscripts, with descriptive source notes and explanatory footnotes. He provides a fascinating account of the spread of Garvey's movement, which was seen-and feared-by officials in America, Europe, and colonial governments in Africa and the Caribbean as the major ideological force promoting radical consciousness among blacks. Hill continues the comprehensive outline begun in Volume I of Garvey's Black Star Line, the all-black merchant marine, and documents the beginnings of Garvey's proposals for massive loans to the Liberian government. These controversial financial schemes led to Garvey's reputation as a swindler, and Volume II details the first charges of fraud. The federal investigation of Garvey broadened and deepened during 1919--1920, with J. Edgar Hoover--then an assistant to the attorney general--continuing to search tor grounds to deport Garvey. Included here are numerous repons from government agents and informers, which provide a valuable ponrait of day-to-day UNIA operations. Volume II ends with the UNIA's 1920 convention, presented by Garvey as a turning point in the history of black-white relations. The legislation and the elective offices produced by that convention were intended to form a virtual government in exile for Africa, fulfilling Garvey's ambition to practice statecraft and create the symbols of black nationhood and sovereignty. This volume is the second of six that focus on America; the seventh and eighth focus on Africa, and the last two on the Caribbean. Hill has brought together far more than a portrait of a single intriguing historical figure. Garvey's movement was a mass social phenomenon, an Afro-American protest movement with strong links to African and Caribbean nationalism in the first decades of the twentieth century. |
Contents
ILLUSTRATIONS | xxi |
INTRODUCTION | xxxi |
TEXTUAL DEVICES | xli |
CHRONOLOGY | xlix |
September Report by Special Agent CC | 1 |
August Report by Special Agent CC I | 3 |
August Reports by Special Agent CC | 9 |
September Meeting of the BSL Board of Directors | 16 |
July Report by Special Agent 800 424 | 280 |
from Cristobal | 332 |
May Advertisement | 338 |
June Edwin Barclay to Elie Garcia | 347 |
June Louis La Mothe to the Secretary United States | 399 |
July C H Hunt to the Black Star Line | 424 |
July Marcus Garvey to W E B Du Bois | 426 |
July John J Flaherty Secretary United States Ship | 444 |
September A L Flint Chief Panama Canal Office | 22 |
September British Military Intelligence Report | 30 |
Intelligence Office Chicago to Capt W L | 63 |
October BSL Pamphlet | 135 |
Marcus Garvey for the New York World | 148 |
November Bureau of Investigation Report | 154 |
December Black Star Line to the Canadian and United | 171 |
January British Military Intelligence Report | 177 |
January List of Aliens Employed as Crew Members | 183 |
January Front page of the Magazine of the Darker | 191 |
February Newport News Division Charter | 204 |
March G Montgomery to William H Lamar | 267 |
March George Wells Parker to John E Bruce | 279 |
July Black Star Line Annual Report | 464 |
August UNIA Declaration of Rights | 571 |
August Under Secretary of State British Home Office | 580 |
August Maj E J Ely Acting Chief Negative Branch | 604 |
August Report by Special Agent P138 | 612 |
August Interview with W E B Du Bois by Charles | 620 |
August Report by Special Agent P138 | 625 |
August Report by Special Agent P138 | 633 |
ca August Negro Factories Corporation Pamphlet | 657 |
Amended Constitution of the UNIA | 677 |
Bureau of Investigation Summary | 684 |
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Common terms and phrases
56 West Africa African Communities League Agent American Negro applause asked Association and African August believe Black Star Line Boston called cargo Cheers Chicago Defender Church colored convention delegates deponent Eason editor elected Ferris fight four hundred million Frederick Douglass Garvey's going Henrietta Vinton Davis Jamaica Kilroe leader libel Liberia Liberty Hall Line Steamship Corporation Marcus Garvey meeting months movement nation Negro Factories Corporation Negro Improvement Association Negro race Negro World night October organization Panama City Philadelphia plaintiff President President-General Printed in NW Q.-What recipient's copy representative Secretary September shares ship Smith-Green South speak speaker Stamped endorsement Star Line Steamship things tion told tonight UNIA United Universal Negro Improvement W. E. B. Du Bois Washington West 135th Street West Indian West Indies William Yarmouth York City