A Miocene (10-12 Ma) Evergreen Laurel-Oak Forest from Carmel Valley, California, Volume 145This is a study of the Miocene Carmel flora of California, an evergreen laurel–oak forest that grew in a mild temperate (mean annual temperature of 15 degrees C), frost-free climate, with annual precipitation of about 760 mm (30 in.). Collectively, the Carmel and other Miocene floras like the San Pablo and Temblor (broad-leafed deciduous trees, with few evergreen species), the Puente (evergreen oak forest with chaparral species), the Mint Canyon, Ricardo, and Tehachapi (numerous arid subtropical scrub associated with oak woodland and chaparral species) suggest they foreshadowed a similar distribution of the different California vegetation zones today. |
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Common terms and phrases
300 km farther acute Alnus apex Arecaceae arid subtropical scrub associated Baja California Berry broad-leafed evergreens Canyon flora Carmel area Carmel flora Carmel Valley Carnegie Inst Carya Castanea Ceanothus central California Cercocarpus Chaney and Sanborn chaparral chiefly chrysolepis climate closed-cone pine forest cm broad cm long coast coastal southern California cold water upwelling conifer deciduous hardwoods dominated drier enclose a finer fossil floras Fremontodendron genera holotype homeotypes hypotypes irregular Juglans km farther south Lauraceae laurel leaf Madre of Mexico Madrean Mint Canyon Miocene Miocene floras Miocene vegetation Mohave Monterey Formation Nectandra Nevada northern Baja California oak woodland occurs Ocotea Persea petiole pine-oak Pinnacles Formation Platanus Platanus angustilobus Plate pollen precipitation present-day Publ Puente flora recorded red beds region rhyolite Ricardo Sabal San Andreas fault San Pablo sclerophyll Selva of Lauraceae shrubs Sierra Madre siliceous shales similar submarine canyon taxa Temblor floras temperate tertiaries thick UCMP Ulmus Wash