Kings and Dervishes: Sufi World Renunciation and the Symbolism of Kingship in the Persianate World

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Univ of California Press, Mar 11, 2025 - History - 320 pages
Saïd Amir Arjomand's Kings and Dervishes is a pioneering study of the emergence and development of Sufism during the formation of the Persianate world. Whereas Sufi doctrine was expressed in the New Persian language, its social organization was detached from the civic movement among the urban craftsmen and artisans known as the fotovva(t) and was politically shaped by multiple forces—first by the revival of Persian kingship, and then by the emergence of the Turko-Mongolian empires.

The intermingling of Sufism's developmental path with the transformation of the Persianate political regimes resulted in the progressive appropriation of royal symbols by the Sufi shaykhs. The original Sufi world renunciation gave way first to world accommodation and the medieval love mysticism of Jalāl al-Din Rumi and Hāfez of Shiraz, and then to world domination. This comprehensive work of historical sociology traces these spiritual and political evolutions over the course of some six centuries, showing how the Sufi saints' symbolic sovereignty was eventually made real in the imperial kingship of the Persianate world's early modern empires.
 

Contents

Introduction
1
Sufism and Kingship in an Analytical Frame
11
The Emergence and the Development of Persianate Sufism
17
The Social Base and Organization of Early Sufism in Khorasan
26
Divergence of the Developmental Path of Sufism from that of the Fotovvat Movement
32
Persianate Sufismfrom Ascetic World Renunciation to Divine Love
39
The Development of Persianate Sufism in Iran the Seljuq
59
The Mongol Invasion and the Dispersal of the Sufi Masters of Khorasan
69
Persianate Kingship in the TurkoMongolian Empires
159
The Fotovvat Movement and the Symbolic Popular Contestation
177
Urban Confraternities and Antinomian Democratization
201
Khāju
211
Sufi Sainthood and World Accommodation in the Timurid Age
220
The Origins and Development of Countermillennial Sovereignty
246
The Mahdist Revolution and the Absorption of Sufi Sainthood into
254
Conclusion
265

The Spread of Persianate Sufism to Northern India
76
Sufi Love Mysticism and Its Antinomian and Gnostic Turns
105
The Emergence of the Sufi Orders in Iran and the Coming
130
Abbreviations
279
Index
301
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About the author (2025)

Saïd Amir Arjomand is Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Stony Brook University, the founding editor of the Journal of Persianate Studies, and author of Messianism and Sociopolitical Revolution in Medieval Islam and Revolutions of the End of Time.

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