The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space

Front Cover
B.A. Whitton, Malcolm Potts
Springer Science & Business Media, Jun 30, 2000 - Science - 669 pages
Cyanobacteria make a major contribution to world photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, but are also notorious for causing nuisances such as dense and often toxic `blooms' in lakes and the ocean. The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space is the first book to focus solely on ecological aspects of these organisms. Its twenty-two chapters are written by some thirty authors, who are leading experts in their particular subject.
The book begins with an overview of the cyanobacteria - or blue-green algae, for those who are not specialists - then looks at their diversity in the geological record and goes on to describe their ecology in present environments where they play important roles. Why is one of the key groups of organisms in the Precambrian still one of the most important groups of phototrophs today? The importance of ecological information for rational management and exploitation of these organisms for commercial and other practical purposes is also assessed. Accounts are provided of nuisances as well as the ecology of the commercially successful Spirulina and the role of cyanobacteria in ecosystem recovery from oil pollution.
Many chapters include aspects of physiology, biochemistry, geochemistry and molecular biology where these help general understanding of the subject. In addition there are three chapters dealing specifically with molecular ecology. Thirty-two pages of colour photos incorporate about seventy views and light micrographs. These features make the book valuable to a wide readership, including biologists, microbiologists, geologists, water managers and environmental consultants. The book complements the highly successful The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria already published by Kluwer.
 

Contents

List of Authors
Introduction to the Cyanobacteria
1
1335
13
Acknowledgements
33
Lucas J Stal
61
Summary
62
Microbial Mats Stromatolites and their Environments
63
Cyanobacteria that Build Microbial Mats
71
Subaerial Habitats 241
Practical Methods 247
Limestones 257279
The Organisms 264
Colonization Succession and Weathering in Terrestrial
Oil Pollution and Cyanobacteria 307319
Concluding Remarks 316
Introduction 322

Motility Chemo and Phototaxis of Cyanobacteria in Microbial Mats
75
Carbon Metabolism
78
Calcification in Mats and Stromatolites 90
Nitrogen Metabolism and Nitrogen Fixation 95
Cyanobacteria and the Sulfur Cycle in Microbial Mats 105
Interactions of Cyanobacteria with Iron 108
Phosphorus in Microbial Mats 110
Conclusions 111
Acknowledgements
Marine Plankton 121148
Introduction 122
Key Functional Groups of Marine Planktonic Cyanobacteria 123
Physical Chemical and Biotic Considerations 128
The Ecosystem Perspective 142
Acknowledgements 144
Freshwater Blooms 149194
Introduction 150
Distribution 151
Gas Vacuoles Gas Vesicles Buoyancy and its Regulation 154
Mixing Regimes and Cyanobacteria 159
Physical Control of Cyanobacteria 167
Cell Size Growth Rate and Temperature 169
Light Capture 170
Nutrients 174
Phosphorus 175
Nitrogen 176
Responses of Cyanobacteria to N and P 178
Inorganic Carbon 184
Grazing 185
Concluding Remarks 186
Picoplankton and Other NonBloom Forming Cyanobacteria in Lakes 195231
Conclusions 224
Soils and RiceFields 233255
Biodiversity and Endemism 330
Acknowledgements 337
Detecting the Environment 367395
LightDark and Redox Sensing 376
Alterations in Transcriptional Specificity 384
Molecular Responses to Environmental Stress 397442
Responses to Nutrient Limitation 408
References 189
Repetitive DNA 443463
Repetitive DNA in Cyanobacteria 454
Acknowledgements 460
Summary 466
Evolution 474
Physiology and Growth 485
Patents and Applications 494
Systematics and Ecophysiology 505522
Physiology of Arthrospira 514
References 520
The Symbionts 536
HostCyanobiont Interactions PostInfection 546
Reconstitution of the Symbioses 552
Cyanophages and Their Role in the Ecology of Cyanobacteria 563589
Distribution Abundance and Seasonal Dynamics 570
Environmental and Physiological Effects on Cyanophages 580
Cyanobacterial Responses to UVRadiation 591611
Strategies of UVR Tolerance by Cyanobacteria 599
Effects of UVR in Nature and Whole Community Responses 605
Cyanotoxins 613632
Types of Cyanobacterial Toxins 617
Organism Index 633
Gene and Gene Product Index 645
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