Wins, Losses, and Empty Seats: How Baseball Outlasted the Great DepressionOrganized baseball has survived its share of difficult times, and never was the state of the game more imperiled than during the Great Depression. Or was it? Remarkably, during the economic upheavals of the Depression none of the sixteen Major League Baseball teams folded or moved. In this economist?s look at the sport as a business between 1929 and 1941, David George Surdam argues that although it was a very tough decade for baseball, the downturn didn?t happen immediately. The 1930 season, after the stock market crash, had record attendance. But by 1931 attendance began to fall rapidly, plummeting 40 percent by 1933. ø To adjust, teams reduced expenses by cutting coaches and hiring player-managers. While even the best players, such as Babe Ruth, were forced to take pay cuts, most players continued to earn the same pay in terms of purchasing power. Baseball remained a great way to make a living. Revenue sharing helped the teams in small markets but not necessarily at the expense of big-city teams. Off the field, owners devised innovative solutions to keep the game afloat, including the development of the Minor League farm system, night baseball, and the first radio broadcasts to diversify teams? income sources. ø Using research from primary documents, Surdam analyzes how the economic structure and operations side of Major League Baseball during the Depression took a beating but managed to endure, albeit changed by the societal forces of its time. |
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Wins, Losses, and Empty Seats: How Baseball Outlasted the Great Depression David George Surdam No preview available - 2013 |
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American League Athletics attendance average Barnes Barrow baseball owners baseball’s big league bonus Breadon Chicago Cubs cities claimed Clark Griffith Cleveland club’s competitive balance Connie Mack cost crowds Dan Daniel Daniel December Dick Farrington doubleheaders expenses fans farm system February franchise gate receipts Gehrig home dates home games income increased install lights January Joe Vila John Drebinger July Landis Larry MacPhail League players League’s losses Louis Browns Major League Baseball Major League owners Minor League teams National League night ball night baseball night games nominal November October Organized Baseball paid Park payroll pennant percent pitchers Pittsburgh play player salaries profits radio broadcasts reported revenue Rickey Ruppert Ruth’s schedule season Senators September share Sporting sportswriter stars Sunday ball talent team’s ticket prices U.S. Congress U.S. Department White Sox win-loss winning World Series Wrigley Yankee Stadium Yanks Yawkey York Giants York Yankees