The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, & the PhilippinesIn 1899 the United States, having announced its arrival as a world power during the Spanish-Cuban-American War, inaugurated a brutal war of imperial conquest against the Philippine Republic. Over the next five decades, U.S. imperialists justified their colonial empire by crafting novel racial ideologies adapted to new realities of collaboration and anticolonial resistance. In this pathbreaking, transnational study, Paul A. Kramer reveals how racial politics served U.S. empire, and how empire-building in turn transformed ideas of race and nation in both the United States and the Philippines. Kramer argues that Philippine-American colonial history was characterized by struggles over sovereignty and recognition. In the wake of a racial-exterminist war, U.S. colonialists, in dialogue with Filipino elites, divided the Philippine population into "civilized" Christians and "savage" animists and Muslims. The former were subjected to a calibrated colonialism that gradually extended them self-government as they demonstrated their "capacities." The latter were governed first by Americans, then by Christian Filipinos who had proven themselves worthy of shouldering the "white man's burden." Ultimately, however, this racial vision of imperial nation-building collided with U.S. nativist efforts to insulate the United States from its colonies, even at the cost of Philippine independence. Kramer provides an innovative account of the global transformations of race and the centrality of empire to twentieth-century U.S. and Philippine histories. |
Contents
CHAPTER 3 | 87 |
Tensions of Exposition | 229 |
Representative | 285 |
Copyright | |
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Aguinaldo anti-imperialist assimilation authority called census Chinese Christian civilian civilization claimed collaboration colonial officials Constabulary culture Democratic display empire European example exclusion exposition board Fili Filipino Filipino elites Filipino nationalism Filipino nationalists flag Forbes forces friar guerrilla Hispanicized Filipinos Igorots ilustrado immigration imperial imperialists indios insular José Rizal Katipunan La Solidaridad labor López Jaena Louis Luzon Manila mestizos migration Moros natives nativists Niederlein nigger non-Christian tribes organized Pacific Philip Philippine Commission Philippine exhibit Philippine Exposition Philippine independence Philippine Islands Philippine nation Philippine Revolution Philippine Scouts Philippine-American War pine pinos politics of recognition Post-Dispatch principalía Propaganda Movement provinces Quezon Quezon City quoted in ibid race racial formation recognize regime regime's reported represented Republican savage Scouts self-government Senate social Solidaridad Spain Spaniards Spanish Spanish colonial Taft Tagalog tion U.S. Army U.S. colonial U.S. military U.S. soldiers United Worcester World's Fair wrote