Urban Ecology: Science of CitiesHow does nature work in our human-created city, suburb, and exurb/peri-urb? Indeed how is ecology - including its urban water, soil, air, plant, and animal foundations - spatially entwined with this great human enterprise? And how can we improve urban areas for both nature and people? Urban Ecology: Science of Cities explores the entire urban area: from streets, lawns, and parks to riversides, sewer systems, and industrial sites. The book presents models, patterns, and examples from hundreds of cities worldwide. Numerous illustrations enrich the presentation. Cities are analyzed, not as ecologically bad or good, but as places with concentrated rather than dispersed people. Urban ecology principles, traditionally adapted from natural-area ecology, now increasingly emerge from the distinctive features of cities. Spatial patterns and flows, linking organisms, built structures, and the physical environment highlight a treasure chest of useful principles. This pioneering interdisciplinary book opens up frontiers of insight, as a valuable source and text for undergraduates, graduates, researchers, professionals, and others with a thirst for solutions to growing urban problems. |
Contents
Framework | 1 |
Urban features | 17 |
Spatialpatternsandmosaics | 31 |
Flowsmovementschange | 65 |
Ecological features | 91 |
Urbanair | 125 |
Urbanheat | 133 |
Diverseairflows | 139 |
7 | 175 |
8 | 205 |
9 | 241 |
Humanstructures | 275 |
Residentialcommercialindustrialareas | 314 |
Suburban and periurbanexurban residential | 321 |
Commercial sites dispersed across the urban | 332 |
Green spacescorridorssystems | 343 |
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Common terms and phrases
abundance agricultural airflow animals aquatic bacteria biodiversity birds boundary buildings built areas Chapter chemicals city center coastal cooling corridors cover Craul density diversity ecological ecological succession ecosystem effect environmental exurban Figure flooding floodplain flows gardens gradient green green roofs greenspaces groundwater habitat heavy metals herbivores highlights house plots house sparrows human impervious important increase industrial invertebrates landscape lawn layer levels mainly major Marsh metro area microbes mosaic movement native natural land neighborhood nitrogen normally nutrients organic matter parks particles patches patterns pipes plant species pollutants ponds population produce reduce relatively river roads semi-natural sewage shrubs spatial species richness stormwater streams street trees structures suburban surface surrounding temperature tion transportation types typically urban agriculture urban areas urban ecology urban heat urban heat island urban region urban soils vegetation wastewater water bodies wetlands wildlife woods zone