Embryology of Flowering Plants: Terminology and Concepts, Vol. 3: Reproductive Systems, Volume 3T B Batygina Plant embryology, dealing with the regularities of initiation and the first stages of development of an organism, is now flourishing because of the overall progress being made in natural sciences. Such discoveries of the 20th century as production of plants from a single somatic cell, experimental haploidy, and parasexual hybridization were of general biological significance. The combined efforts of embryologists, geneticists and molecular biologists yielded the discovery of specific genes that control meiosis, egg cell development and early stages of embryogenesis. The tendency to synthesize data of embryology and genetics has become increasingly noticeable. It is connected with the fact that the majority of problems connected with morphogenesis, such as differentiation, specialization, the evaluation of features and the definition of the notionsgene and feature andgenotype and phenotype concern embryology and genetics (embryogenetics) in one way or another. Evolutionary embryology has given rise to a new approach to the study of problems of adaptation in plants. In connection with the problem of preserving biological diversity under conditions of ecological stress, special attention is paid to ecological embryology, revealing the critical periods in early ontogenesis and plasticity and tolerance of reproductive systems at the level of species and population. The study of variability of morphogenesis and phenotype in population (life cycle variations and the diversity of reproductive systems) is the most important point in the population embryology of plants. |
Contents
PART TWOPOLLINATION AND BREEDING | 39 |
PART THREESEED PROPAGATION | 99 |
PART FOURVEGETATIVE PROPAGATION | 219 |
PART FIVEMOLECULARGENETIC ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION | 265 |
PART SIXPOPULATION AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION | 309 |
PART SEVENEMBRYOLOGICAL BASES OF REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES | 337 |
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Common terms and phrases
According activity adaptive analysis angiosperms apomictic apomixis aposporous appears base Batygina biology Botanical buds caused cell characteristic classification complex connected considered depends determined diaspores differentiation diploid distribution division ecological effective embryo sac embryology endosperm et al evolution evolutionary example expression factors families female fertilization floral flowering plants formation forms fruits function gametophyte genes genetic germination groups growth higher hybridization important increase individuals inflorescence influence initial lateral leaf leaves male mature mechanisms meristem mode morphological Moscow mutants natural noted nucleus observed occurs orchids organs origin ovules parthenogenesis period phytomass pollination population possible presence problem productivity reduced representatives reproductive result role root Scrophulariaceae seed seed productivity seedlings sexual sexual reproduction shoot significance similar species stage structure success suggested temperature term types University USSR usually various vegetative propagation viviparity wind