Reverse Discrimination in EC Law This important new book opens with an in-depth analysis of the and linking factorand test that has implicitly been developed by the European Courts for determining whether a situation is purely internal to a Member State or whether it qualifies for EC protection. There is a detailed explanation of how the Court has traditionally applied this test in its case-law (e.g. in family reunification and educational qualification cases), and of the problems emerging from the application of this test. A presentation of the Courtand s formal stance on reverse discrimination is also provided. With detailed reference to the case-law of the European Community Courts (including selected jurisprudence of national courts), the author shows how recent developments in internal market law have already affected the Courtand s traditional stance towards purely internal situations and reverse discrimination, and that these developments can now be used in support of the argument that reverse discrimination is an incongruity in the contemporary EC. Then, the author provides an in-depth analysis of two of the post-Maastricht developments in the context of free movement: the establishment of the status of Union citizenship by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 and the development of that status through the Court's recent jurisprudence; and the formal completion of the internal market in 1993, as required by the provisions inserted into the EC Treaty by the Single European Act. Focusing on the central issue of whether reverse discrimination is and and should remain and outside the scope of EC law, the author explains what has been the impact of each of these developments on the question of the permissibility of reverse discrimination in EC law. A brief discussion of the available solutions to the problem and their advantages and disadvantages concludes the presentation. This is a ground-breaking study in an area of European law that has received scant academic attention so far and is just beginning to be explored. In it, scholars, policymakers and practitioners will discover a firm foundation from which to pursue and ultimately define the limits of reverse discrimination in EC law.
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Contents
Reverse Discrimination Exercised by a Member | 1 |
Chapter | 3 |
Chapter | 6 |
Introduction | 29 |
Obstacles to | 45 |
52 | 79 |
The New Approach Followed by the Court When | 119 |
III | 122 |
Reverse Discrimination and the New Status of Union | 139 |
Is Reverse Discrimination Now a Form of a Difference | 154 |
Chapter 5 | 173 |
The Use of Treaty Provisions for Prohibiting National | 194 |
An Alternative Solution | 208 |
Conclusion | 217 |
List of References | 233 |
Table of Cases and Secondary Legislation | 249 |
Conclusion | 126 |
The Problems with the Traditional Approach | 129 |
Table of Treaty Articles | 267 |