OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Brazil 2005

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OECD Publishing, Oct 31, 2005 - 226 pages

This Review measures the level and composition of support to Brazilian agriculture, and evaluates the effectiveness of current measures in attaining their objectives. The study finds that Brazil provides much lower support to its agricultural sector than most OECD countries. However, a large and increasing share of that support is provided in the form of credit subsidies; support which could be more productively oriented to areas such as research and extension, training, and the development of rural infrastructure. A greater focus on such long-term investments could help Brazil to address the two major challenges confronting its agricultural sector: the need to sustain improvements in international competitiveness, and at the same time draw poor smallholders into the development process. At the international level, the report finds that, having substantially reformed its own agricultural policies, the main source of future benefits to Brazil will be reforms in other countries, where access to OECD country markets is the most important issue. Yet while trade liberalisation offers important benefits for the majority of households, those gains need to be placed in the context of the broader opportunities and adjustment pressures confronting both commercial farmers and smallholders.

 

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Page 65 - Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia, Bulgaria, the People's Republic of China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan are accorded MFN treatment.
Page 121 - Estimate (PSE): an indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers from consumers and taxpayers to agricultural producers, measured at the farm-gate level, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives or impacts on farm production or income.
Page 122 - Estimate (TSE): an indicator of the annual monetary value of all gross transfers from taxpayers and consumers arising from policy measures that support agriculture, net of the associated budgetary receipts, regardless of their objectives and impacts on farm production and income, or consumption of farm products.
Page 121 - An indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers to services provided collectively to agriculture and arising from policy measures which support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives and impacts on farm production, income, or consumption of farm products.
Page 121 - PSE measure support arising from policies targeted to agriculture relative to a situation without such policies, ie when producers are subject only to general policies (including economic, social, environmental and tax policies) of the country. The PSE is a gross notion implying that any costs associated with those policies and incurred by individual producers are not deducted.
Page 67 - Algeria Bahrain Egypt' Iran Iraq Israel* Jordan* Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco* Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syria Tunisia...
Page 121 - Coefficient (NACp): an indicator of the nominal rate of assistance to producers measuring the ratio between the value of gross farm receipts including support and gross farm receipts valued at world market prices without support.
Page 125 - Total Support Estimate The Total Support Estimate (TSE) is the broadest indicator of support, representing the sum of transfers to agricultural producers (the PSE), expenditure for general services (the GSSE), and direct budgetary transfers to consumers.
Page 121 - ... increased costs associated with import duties on inputs are not deducted. But it is an indicator net of producer contributions to help finance the policy measure (eg producer levies) providing a given transfer to producers. The PSE includes implicit and explicit payments.
Page 121 - Coefficient (NACc): an indicator of the nominal rate of assistance to consumers measuring the ratio between the value of consumption expenditure on agricultural commodities domestically produced including support to producers and that valued at world market prices without support to consumers.

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